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管理資訊
家鼷鼠(Mus musculus)可用毒餌、熏煙、誘捕和驅蟲劑控制。全球各島嶼的老鼠移除嘗試，38 % 失敗(45個嘗試17個失敗)，但似乎並沒有一致的簡單的理由來解釋這些失敗。移除計畫應嘗試提供足夠的規劃和籌備工作進行故障排除，由於操作失誤，或一些可以控制的因素。要考慮的因素，以最大限度地提高成功的可能性包括：- 選擇的毒殺方法，能讓島上每隻老鼠接觸到毒餌嗎?
- 在移除行動之前，應先取得基因樣本。這樣才能區別移除失敗和重新入侵，也可以用來確定亞種。
- 考慮其他哺乳動物的影響。他們將阻礙老鼠取得毒藥嗎?
- 老鼠會吃毒餌嗎? 考慮誘餌臨床試驗檢查毒藥適口性和穀物反應。
- 那裡區域可能需要額外的毒藥? 密集的牧草地能支持老鼠的很高數量而且可能需要的毒藥比森林區域多。(MacKay et al., 2007)
預防措施：家鼷鼠能躲在非常小的空間，因此有持續侵入或再入侵犯的威脅。造訪處於老鼠侵犯風險的區域時，應該鼓勵檢查所有行李與袋子。尚未遭受入侵，但是有入侵風險的區域，應實施定期監測方案，以儘早查明老鼠入侵。化學方法：曾經成功地從在全世界 28個島根除家鼷鼠。所有這些成功案例都使用某種形式的抗凝血劑毒藥(MacKay et al.,2007)Brodifacoum 是普遍使用的毒藥，其他成功的嘗試使用了 pindone 、華法令、 bromodiolone 與 floccoumafen 。Brodifacoum 是一個非常廣泛使用的毒素，但也有一些擔心它建立在生態系統。(Hoare and Hare, 2006)Fisher(2005)討論了易感性小鼠的各種抗凝血劑毒藥; 莫理斯 et al.(2008)更新這項研究，調查影響不同毒餌適口容納小鼠和大鼠的因素。 生物方法：使用變異的小鼠巨細胞病毒( MCMV)，製造濾過性毒菌不育疫苗，目前正在澳大利亞發展用來控制澳大利亞糧食產區的M. Musculus疫情。(亞瑟 et al.2005) 綜合管理：當很多老鼠從一個區域移除時，M. Musculus的豐度會戲劇性地增加，或許是由於改善糧食供應或釋放捕食壓力。(Caut et al.2007, Witmer et al.2007)重要的是要嘗試移除大鼠時也要同時移除小鼠，以防止大鼠移除後大量出現小鼠。   
管理資源 /鏈接
4. Caut, S., Casanovas, J.G., Virgos, E., Lozano, J., Witmer, G.W. & Courchamp, F., 2007. Rats dying for mice: Modelling the competitor release effect. Austral Ecology 32, 858-868. 5. Cooper, J., and P. G. Ryan. 1994. Management Plan for the Gough Island Wildlife Reserve. Government of Tristan da Cunha, Edinburgh, Tristan da Cunha. 7. Cunningham, D.M. and Moors, P.J., 1993. Guide To The Identification And Collection Of New Zealand Rodents. Department of Conservation, NZ.
摘要： A Guide To The Identification And Collection Of New Zealand Rodents, information on trapping methods. 9. Fisher, P. and A.T. Airey ., 2009. Factors affecting 1080 pellet bait acceptance by house mice (Mus musculus). DOC Research & Development Series 306. 22 p.
摘要： Abstract: Avoidance of 1080 (sodium fluoroacetate) could be one of the main reasons why multi-species control operations sometimes do not produce high reductions in wild house mouse (Mus musculus) populations in New Zealand. This study investigated how the concentration of 1080 in pellet bait affects acceptance by mice; whether pre-feeding with non-toxic bait mitigates mouse avoidance of bait containing 1080; and whether a non-toxic bait containing a masking agent is acceptable to mice. Wild-caught mice demonstrated very low acceptance of, and subsequent low mortality (25%) from, baits containing 0.08% 1080 in a two-choice laboratory test. In a second test, mice ate comparatively more pellets containing 0.001% 1080, but there was no resulting mortality and the non-toxic alternative pellets were still significantly favoured. Pre-feeding for 3 days with non-toxic pellets did not improve the low acceptance of 0.15% 1080 pellet baits by mice. In two of the three two-choice tests, the intake of all food by mice was significantly reduced for 2 days following the introduction of 1080-treated food. This ‘drop feed’ effect was followed by an increase, mostly of non-toxic food, in daily intake over the next 3 days, to return to eating similar amounts to those measured before the introduction of 1080 (and to daily food intakes of control mice). Non-toxic bait was strongly preferred over two different types of non-toxic bait containing a masking agent. We suggest that avoidance of 1080 by mice is mediated by conditioned taste aversion. However, masking the taste of 1080 may not be effective if mice are micro-sampling and learning to associate sublethal poisoning effects with any distinctive taste. Improvement of bait efficacy may involve developing baits that delay the onset of symptoms of 1080 poisoning; or pre-feeding with baits containing a non-toxic substance with similar taste and/or odour to 1080. 10. Guide to the Identification and Distribution of New Zealand Rodents. By D.M. Cunningham
and P.J. Moors.
摘要： Detailed information on identification and trapping methods.
Identification And Collection
Of New Zealand Rodents
IDENTIFICATION AND COLLECTION
OF NEW ZEALAND RODENTS 11. Hoare, J.M. & Hare, K.M., 2006. The impact of brodifacoum on non-target wildlife: gaps in knowledge. New Zealand Journal of Ecology 30, 157-167. 12. IUCN 2010. IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Version 2010.4.
摘要： The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species provides taxonomic, conservation status and distribution information on taxa that have been globally evaluated using the IUCN Red List Categories and Criteria. This system is designed to determine the relative risk of extinction, and the main purpose of the IUCN Red List is to catalogue and highlight those taxa that are facing a higher risk of global extinction (i.e. those listed as Critically Endangered, Endangered and Vulnerable). The IUCN Red List also includes information on taxa that are categorized as Extinct or Extinct in the Wild; on taxa that cannot be evaluated because of insufficient information (i.e. are Data Deficient); and on taxa that are either close to meeting the threatened thresholds or that would be threatened were it not for an ongoing taxon-specific conservation programme (i.e. are Near Threatened).
Available from: http://www.iucnredlist.org/ [Accessed 25 May 2011] 13. IUCN/SSC Invasive Species Specialist Group (ISSG)., 2010. A Compilation of Information Sources for Conservation Managers.
摘要： This compilation of information sources can be sorted on keywords for example: Baits & Lures, Non Target Species, Eradication, Monitoring, Risk Assessment, Weeds, Herbicides etc. This compilation is at present in Excel format, this will be web-enabled as a searchable database shortly. This version of the database has been developed by the IUCN SSC ISSG as part of an Overseas Territories Environmental Programme funded project XOT603 in partnership with the Cayman Islands Government - Department of Environment. The compilation is a work under progress, the ISSG will manage, maintain and enhance the database with current and newly published information, reports, journal articles etc. 14. Lorvelec, O., Delloue, X., Pascal, M., & mege, S. 2004. Impacts des mammiferes allochtones sur quelques especes autochtones de l'Isle Fajou (Reserve Naturelle du Grand Cul-de-sac Marin, Guadeloupe), etablis a l'issue d'une tentative d'eradication. Revue D'Ecologie - La Terre et La Vie 59(1-2): 293-307.
摘要： French language. Information about impacts, eradication methodology, results and discussion in French. 15. MacKay, J.W.B., Russell, J.C. & Murphy, E.C., 2007. Eradicating house mice from islands: successes, failures and the way forward. In: Managing vertebrate invasive species: an international symposium (eds K.A. Fagerstone and G.W. Witmer). USDA, National Wildlife Research Center, Fort Collins, CO., Fort Collins, Colorado, USA. 16. Marris, E. 2005. Mice Gang up on Endangered Birds. Nature Publishing Group (news@nature.com). 20. Springer, Keith, 2006. Macquarie Island - Mammalian Pests: Past, Present and Future. 2006, ALIENS 23 (Antarctic and Sub-Antarctic Special Issue). 21. Tershy, B. R., C. J. Donlan, B. S. Keitt, D. A. Croll, J. A. Sanchez, B. Wood, M. A. Hermosillo, G. R. Howald, and N. Biavaschi., 2002. Island conservation in north-west Mexico: a conservation model integrating research, education and exotic mammal eradication. In Turning the tide: the eradication of invasive species: 293-300. Veitch, C.R. and Clout, M.N.(eds). IUCN SSC Invasive Species Specialist Group. IUCN. Gland. Switzerland and Cambridge. UK.
摘要： Eradication case study in Turning the tide: the eradication of invasive species. 23. The Royal Society for the Protection of Birds. Undated. Home > Our work > Science > Ecology of threatened species > Work from 2001 > Gough Island> Research and Monitoring. 28. Wanless Ross M., Andrea Angel, Richard J. Cuthbert, Geoff M. Hilton and Peter G. Ryan., 2007. Can predation by invasive mice drive seabird extinctions? Biology Letters. (2007) 3, 241–24 doi:10.1098/rsbl.2007.0120 Published online 3 April 2007 29. Witmer, G.W., Boyd, F. & Hillis-Starr, Z., 2007. The successful eradication of introduced roof rats (Rattus rattus) from Buck Island using diphacinone, followed by an irruption of house mice (Mus musculus). Wildlife Research 34, 108-115. 結果頁： 1
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