Interim profile, incomplete information
Location Specific Management InformationCosta Rica
Avalos et al. (2006) gave several management possibilities for controlling S. jambos in Municipal Forest, Costa Rica, with the preferred strategy being mechanical removal of trees whilst replanting native species. Floreana Is.
45% of species introduced to the Galapagos Islands have been naturalized and of those, 32 are considered aggressive and have invaded extensive areas. The invaders affect the native vegetation negatively, changing the composition of the community and threatening populations of rare species. The majority of the introduced plants are found in the humid highlands where agriculture is the major activity and the conditions are better. The most noxious of these plants are the trees and shrubs that invade the native vegetation below the highest areas. The present methods of control are limited to removal by hand and by use of herbicides. Removal by hand requires continued effort since the plants may sprout from fragments of roots or branches. Few quantitative studies have been carried out to determine the type, concentration and method of application of herbicides. A 1999 study evaluated the effectiveness of three types of herbicide (glyphosate, picloram and triclopyr) in different concentrations to determine which method of application (“hacking and spraying”, spraying the bark and fumigation) is the most effective and the least damaging to the surrounding vegetation. These experiments were carried out on trees of Cestrum auriculatum, Cinchona pubescens, Cordia alliodora, Psidium guajava and Syzygium jambos and on the shrubs Kalanchoe pinnata, Lantana camara and Rubus niveus (Gardener et al., 1999).
Successful control of Syzygium jambos is carried out with picloram and metsulfuron-methyl at 5-10%. It is estimated that the species could be eradicated on Floreana within 6 years for 10,900 USD. (Rachel Atkinson., pers.comm., July 2008) Rentería et al. (2007) documents costed eradication plans for 21 invasive species including Syzygium jambos in Galapagos. The plans were developed as part of a GEF funded project ECU/00/G31 'Control of Invasive species in the Galapagos Archipelago'.
The management plans report projects at different stages of development and for species that have invaded to different extents. Three of the projects have already been finished successfully, 5 have yet to be started, and for the rest the projects have been running for between 1 and 6 years. The cost and time needed for eradication varies considerably by species and demonstrates the importance of species eradication as soon as possible after detection.
Please follow this link Rentería et al. 2006 to an illustrated guide providing practical information for the effective control of the worst invasive plant species in Galapagos. Designed for farmers and other land managers, it describes manual and chemical control methods. Syzygium jambos is among 23 introduced species with descriptions and control options listed. Galapagos Islands
45% of species introduced to the Galapagos Islands have been naturalized and of those, 32 are considered aggressive and have invaded extensive areas. The invaders affect the native vegetation negatively, changing the composition of the community and threatening populations of rare species. The majority of the introduced plants are found in the humid highlands where agriculture is the major activity and the conditions are better. The most noxious of these plants are the trees and shrubs that invade the native vegetation below the highest areas. The present methods of control are limited to removal by hand and by use of herbicides. Removal by hand requires continued effort since the plants may sprout from fragments of roots or branches. Few quantitative studies have been carried out to determine the type, concentration and method of application of herbicides. A 1999 study evaluated the effectiveness of three types of herbicide (glyphosate, picloram and triclopyr) in different concentrations to determine which method of application (“hacking and spraying”, spraying the bark and fumigation) is the most effective and the least damaging to the surrounding vegetation. These experiments were carried out on trees of Cestrum auriculatum, Cinchona pubescens, Cordia alliodora, Psidium guajava and Syzygium jambos and on the shrubs Kalanchoe pinnata, Lantana camara and Rubus niveus (Gardener et al., 1999).
Successful control of Syzygium jambos is carried out with picloram and metsulfuron-methyl at 5-10% (Rachel Atkinson., pers.comm., July 2008). Rentería et al. (2007) documents costed eradication plans for 21 invasive species including Syzygium jambos in Galapagos. The plans were developed as part of a GEF funded project ECU/00/G31 'Control of Invasive species in the Galapagos Archipelago'.
The management plans report projects at different stages of development and for species that have invaded to different extents. Three of the projects have already been finished successfully, 5 have yet to be started, and for the rest the projects have been running for between 1 and 6 years. The cost and time needed for eradication varies considerably by species and demonstrates the importance of species eradication as soon as possible after detection.
Please follow this link Rentería et al. 2006 to an illustrated guide providing practical information for the effective control of the worst invasive plant species in Galapagos. Designed for farmers and other land managers, it describes manual and chemical control methods. Syzygium jambos is among 23 introduced species with descriptions and control options listed. Isabela Is. (Ecuador)
45% of species introduced to the Galapagos Islands have been naturalized and of those, 32 are considered aggressive and have invaded extensive areas. The invaders affect the native vegetation negatively, changing the composition of the community and threatening populations of rare species. The majority of the introduced plants are found in the humid highlands where agriculture is the major activity and the conditions are better. The most noxious of these plants are the trees and shrubs that invade the native vegetation below the highest areas. The present methods of control are limited to removal by hand and by use of herbicides. Removal by hand requires continued effort since the plants may sprout from fragments of roots or branches. Few quantitative studies have been carried out to determine the type, concentration and method of application of herbicides. A 1999 study evaluated the effectiveness of three types of herbicide (glyphosate, picloram and triclopyr) in different concentrations to determine which method of application (“hacking and spraying”, spraying the bark and fumigation) is the most effective and the least damaging to the surrounding vegetation. These experiments were carried out on trees of Cestrum auriculatum, Cinchona pubescens, Cordia alliodora, Psidium guajava and Syzygium jambos and on the shrubs Kalanchoe pinnata, Lantana camara and Rubus niveus (Gardener et al., 1999).
Successful control of Syzygium jambos is carried out with picloram and metsulfuron-methyl at 5-10% (Rachel Atkinson., pers.comm., July 2008). Rentería et al. (2007) documents costed eradication plans for 21 invasive species including Syzygium jambos in Galapagos. The plans were developed as part of a GEF funded project ECU/00/G31 'Control of Invasive species in the Galapagos Archipelago'.
The management plans report projects at different stages of development and for species that have invaded to different extents. Three of the projects have already been finished successfully, 5 have yet to be started, and for the rest the projects have been running for between 1 and 6 years. The cost and time needed for eradication varies considerably by species and demonstrates the importance of species eradication as soon as possible after detection.
Please follow this link Rentería et al. 2006 to an illustrated guide providing practical information for the effective control of the worst invasive plant species in Galapagos. Designed for farmers and other land managers, it describes manual and chemical control methods. Syzygium jambos is among 23 introduced species with descriptions and control options listed. Pitcairn
A management program entitled 'Management & Control of Sugar Plum' was carried out in the Pitcairn Islands, led by the National Botanic Gardens of Ireland. Trees were either cut down (chainsaw, etc) or frilled (removal of bark completely around the base of the tree trunk), then either Roundup® or Tordon® herbicide was applied to the cut/frilled trunks. Native species were re-planted in the area where S. jambos had been treated in order to prevent invasion of weeds. Follow up monitoring of S. jambos was recommended. Puerto Rico
Brown et al. (2008) investigated the use of multi-scale analysis of landscape and demographic models to aid management decisions, using S. jambos as an example. They concluded that a successful management plan could be based on targeting S. jambos at various susceptible lifecycle stages, especially in rapidly growing populations. San Cristobal Is. (Ecuador)
45% of species introduced to the Galapagos Islands have been naturalized and of those, 32 are considered aggressive and have invaded extensive areas. The invaders affect the native vegetation negatively, changing the composition of the community and threatening populations of rare species. The majority of the introduced plants are found in the humid highlands where agriculture is the major activity and the conditions are better. The most noxious of these plants are the trees and shrubs that invade the native vegetation below the highest areas. The present methods of control are limited to removal by hand and by use of herbicides. Removal by hand requires continued effort since the plants may sprout from fragments of roots or branches. Few quantitative studies have been carried out to determine the type, concentration and method of application of herbicides. A 1999 study evaluated the effectiveness of three types of herbicide (glyphosate, picloram and triclopyr) in different concentrations to determine which method of application (“hacking and spraying”, spraying the bark and fumigation) is the most effective and the least damaging to the surrounding vegetation. These experiments were carried out on trees of Cestrum auriculatum, Cinchona pubescens, Cordia alliodora, Psidium guajava and Syzygium jambos and on the shrubs Kalanchoe pinnata, Lantana camara and Rubus niveus (Gardener et al., 1999).
Successful control of Syzygium jambos is carried out with picloram and metsulfuron-methyl at 5-10% (Rachel Atkinson., pers.comm., July 2008). Rentería et al. (2007) documents costed eradication plans for 21 invasive species including Syzygium jambos in Galapagos. The plans were developed as part of a GEF funded project ECU/00/G31 'Control of Invasive species in the Galapagos Archipelago'.
The management plans report projects at different stages of development and for species that have invaded to different extents. Three of the projects have already been finished successfully, 5 have yet to be started, and for the rest the projects have been running for between 1 and 6 years. The cost and time needed for eradication varies considerably by species and demonstrates the importance of species eradication as soon as possible after detection.
Please follow this link Rentería et al. 2006 to an illustrated guide providing practical information for the effective control of the worst invasive plant species in Galapagos. Designed for farmers and other land managers, it describes manual and chemical control methods. Syzygium jambos is among 23 introduced species with descriptions and control options listed. Santa Cruz Is. (Ecuador)
45% of species introduced to the Galapagos Islands have been naturalized and of those, 32 are considered aggressive and have invaded extensive areas. The invaders affect the native vegetation negatively, changing the composition of the community and threatening populations of rare species. The majority of the introduced plants are found in the humid highlands where agriculture is the major activity and the conditions are better. The most noxious of these plants are the trees and shrubs that invade the native vegetation below the highest areas. The present methods of control are limited to removal by hand and by use of herbicides. Removal by hand requires continued effort since the plants may sprout from fragments of roots or branches. Few quantitative studies have been carried out to determine the type, concentration and method of application of herbicides. A 1999 study evaluated the effectiveness of three types of herbicide (glyphosate, picloram and triclopyr) in different concentrations to determine which method of application (“hacking and spraying”, spraying the bark and fumigation) is the most effective and the least damaging to the surrounding vegetation. These experiments were carried out on trees of Cestrum auriculatum, Cinchona pubescens, Cordia alliodora, Psidium guajava and Syzygium jambos and on the shrubs Kalanchoe pinnata, Lantana camara and Rubus niveus (Gardener et al., 1999).
Successful control of Syzygium jambos is carried out with picloram and metsulfuron-methyl at 5-10% (Rachel Atkinson., pers.comm., July 2008). Rentería et al. (2007) documents costed eradication plans for 21 invasive species including Syzygium jambos in Galapagos. The plans were developed as part of a GEF funded project ECU/00/G31 'Control of Invasive species in the Galapagos Archipelago'.
The management plans report projects at different stages of development and for species that have invaded to different extents. Three of the projects have already been finished successfully, 5 have yet to be started, and for the rest the projects have been running for between 1 and 6 years. The cost and time needed for eradication varies considerably by species and demonstrates the importance of species eradication as soon as possible after detection.
Please follow this link Rentería et al. 2006 to an illustrated guide providing practical information for the effective control of the worst invasive plant species in Galapagos. Designed for farmers and other land managers, it describes manual and chemical control methods. Syzygium jambos is among 23 introduced species with descriptions and control options listed.
Management Resources/Links
1. IUCN/SSC Invasive Species Specialist Group (ISSG)., 2010. A Compilation of Information Sources for Conservation Managers.
Summary: This compilation of information sources can be sorted on keywords for example: Baits & Lures, Non Target Species, Eradication, Monitoring, Risk Assessment, Weeds, Herbicides etc. This compilation is at present in Excel format, this will be web-enabled as a searchable database shortly. This version of the database has been developed by the IUCN SSC ISSG as part of an Overseas Territories Environmental Programme funded project XOT603 in partnership with the Cayman Islands Government - Department of Environment. The compilation is a work under progress, the ISSG will manage, maintain and enhance the database with current and newly published information, reports, journal articles etc. 2. Kingston, N. & Waldren, S. 2003. The plant communities and environmental gradients of Pitcairn Island: The significance of invasive species and the need for conservation management. Annals of Botany 92 (1): 31-40. 3. Meyer, J.-Y. 2004. Threat of invasive alien plants to native flora and forest vegetation of Eastern Polynesia. Pacific Science 58(3): 357-375.
Summary: Some high volcanic islands within the Eastern Polynesian islands display a great diversity of habitats and a highly endemic flora with striking cases of adaptative radiation. Most of these endemic taxa are restricted to montane rain forests and cloud forests. These upland wet forests are threatened by invasive alien plants. Therefore, one of the highest priorities for the long-term conservation of the original native flora and forest vegetation of eastern Polynesia should be given to the study (invasion dynamics and ecological impacts) and control (strategy and methods) of the current invasive alien
plants and to the early detection and eradication of potential plant invaders. 6. Rentería, Jorge Luis; Rachel Atkinson & Chris Buddenhagen., 2007. Estrategias para la erradicación de 21 especies de plantas. Fundación Charles Darwin, Departamento de Botánica. Programa de Especies Invasoras en Galápagos
potencialmente invasoras en Galápagos.
Summary: This document comprises costed eradication plans for 21 invasive species in Galapagos. The plans were developed as part of a GEF funded project
ECU/00/G31 ¨Control of Invasive species in the Galapagos Archipelago¨. The management plans report projects at different stages of development and for species that have invaded to different extents. Three of the projects have already been finished successfully, 5 have yet to be started, and for the rest the projects have been running for between 1 and 6 years. The cost and time needed for eradication varies considerably by species and demonstrates the importance of species eradication as soon as possible after detection
Resumen
El presente documento proporciona planes de manejo y el costo para la erradicación de 21 especies que se encuentran presentes en Galápagos. Los planes fueron desarrollados como parte del proyecto ECU/00/G31 "Control de las especies invasoras en el Archipiélago de las Galápagos", suscrito por el Gobierno Ecuatoriano, representado por el Ministerio del Ambiente, con el Fondo para el Medio Ambiente Mundial (GEF). El Proyecto es implementado por el Programa de las Naciones Unidas para el Desarrollo (UNDP), tiene como instituciones ejecutoras al Servicio Parque Nacional Galápagos (SPNG), Instituto Nacional Galápagos (INGALA), Servicio Ecuatoriano de Sanidad Agropecuaria-Galápagos (SESA-Galápagos), y Fundación Charles Darwin (FCD). Los planes de manejo representan proyectos en diferentes estados de desarrollo y dimensión. Tres de estos proyectos ya han sido desarrollados completamente, trece están en proceso y cinco aún no se han iniciado. El costo y tiempo para la erradicación varia considerablemente según la especie y se muestra la importancia económica que implica desarrollar proyectos de erradicación tan pronto las especies son detectadas. 8. Tassin J, Riviere J. N, Cazanovem & Bruzzese E., 2006. Ranking of invasive woody plant species for management on Re´union Island. Weed Research 46, 388–403. Results Page: 1
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