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   Lithobates catesbeianus (=Rana catesbeiana) (两栖动物)  English   
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         管理信息

    物理方法:成熟的 R. catesbeiana可用多种方法捕到,包括射击、矛、弓与箭、棍、网、圈套、钓与用手抓。他们往往是非常害羞,但可以在夜间抓,用一个大火炬(那些偷猎者可以使用)或者也可以用射击。(Veenvliet 、 P.,pers.comm., 2003) 采集卵块可以成为一种有效的辅助控制方法。牛蛙产单一卵垫,因为它们漂浮在水面上,容易移除。生产之后一天左右, R. catesbeiana卵沉入底部然后变得很难发现。由于卵团易破,用船底抽水机把整个卵团吸起来,可能是最有效的方法。(Govindarajulu, 2004) 由于这一物种有几个月漫长的繁殖季节,雌蛙每年只产卵一次,不到一周卵就孵化了,因此需要非常严格的监视或很好的运气才可以找到卵块。夜晚时标示出雄牛蛙鸣叫的地点,从这些地点寻找卵团,有助于增加发现卵团的可能性。(Govindarajulu, 2004)

    R. catesbeiana能使用爬虫围篱控制:用爬虫围篱围住池塘,以抓住幼生,把陷阱放到地上,以捕捉离开池塘的牛蛙。由于卵垫会漂浮在水面上,很容易移除。蝌蚪变态需要两年。(大部分的北美洲蝌蚪至少过冬一次,有些过冬多次,然而美国南部的蝌蚪在孵化同一年就变态了) 一定要照顾好围篱,确定围篱是无法越过的,垂直面至少两呎高,埋入地面下至少六吋,底部转向池塘四吋,而且要确实埋好,这样就可以围住幼生。也要注意其它池塘与水源,成蛙会利用河道作为道路。(Pendlebury 、 P.,pers.comm., 2003) English   



         地点特有的管理信息
    Belgium
    Education and Awareness: One of the actions taken in Belgium in response to the threats of Invasive alien species includes the publishing of a brochure directed to the general public on Prunus serotina, Eutamias sibiricus, Rana catasbeiana, red-eared slider (Trachemys scripta elegans), Hydrocotyle ranunculoides, and rhododendrons at the end of 2000 (Group of experts on Invasive Alien Species 2005). For information on the invasive American bullfrog in the Dutch language please see Hyla: stierkikker.
    British Columbia
    The bullfrog population continues to expand at least in part due to the fact that people still release them into new areas. Public education is therefore necessary to prevent further range expansion. The options for control are: eradication, control or mitigation of impacts. Eradication will likely be possible only in small, isolated areas. The most effective option for control may be in the culling or metamorphs and juveniles, or identifying migration corridors and targeting these in control attempts. However, to maintain bullfrogs at lower than normal densities culling would need to be carried out repeatedly every year, making it expensive and not yet justifiable (Govindarajulu, 2004). Mitigation should involve the restoration of habitat to favour native species over bullfrogs (Govindarajulu, 2004).
    England
    An isolated bullfrog population was eliminated from a 80m x 20m pond in England at a cost of $72,000 (Banks et al., 2003; in Govindarajulu, 2004).
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