issg Database: 管理與資訊相關鏈接Perna perna

Perna perna (軟體動物)

生態分佈管理影響 參考資料 聯繫

         管理資訊

Hicks and McMahon(2002)報告指出，1997年夏季，德州的墨西哥灣水域，平均水面溫度接近其初生期所能容忍的上限30 °C，致使褐菜蛤(Perna perna)幾乎滅絕。類似1997年的夏季溫暖週期，也許可以自然地控制引入區的褐菜蛤。
預防措施：CSIRO(聯邦科學與工業研究組織)海洋研究所，替澳大利亞環境和遺產部，進行為期兩年的研究，目的是要確定已經出現在澳大利亞海域(潛在的國內目標物種)，以及尚未出現在澳大利亞水域(潛在的國際目標物種)的入侵海洋物種和風險等級。潛在的國內目標物種，是指經由船舶引入，並已經建立族群的非原生物種，並已證明對人類健康，經濟利益或澳大利亞的海洋環境產生重大影響。潛在的國際目標物種，同樣是指經由船舶引入，非原生的物種，並已經在澳大利亞國外表現出顯著的影響。所有的非原生潛在目標物種，根據獨立的調查報告，依照他們的入侵和影響的潛力，分為高，中，低優先等級。
物種的入侵潛力，為多種因素的加權總和，包括商業船舶運動，休閒船隻運動(國際遊艇)和來自世界各地所有受感染的生物區的船舶壓艙水排放到澳大利亞任何地區。起點與終點港口之間的環境的相似性，以緯度的差異來計算，對入侵可能性有明顯的影響(相對於潛在的國內目標入侵種)。依據環境相似性的影響力計算。褐菜蛤已被列為十個最有可能危害的物種之一。
潛在的國際目標物種的優先級，由它們的所在地區的入侵和影響可能性來決定。褐菜蛤已被列為低優先級 ( Hayes等人2005)
化學方法：褐菜蛤是一種常見於沿海電廠冷卻水系統中有害生物，可以和綠殼菜蛤(Perna viridis)及台灣杜鵑蛤(Brachidontes striatulus)共存(Rajagopal 等人, 1996,2003a, 2003b)。褐菜蛤是這三個物種中對氯最敏感的物種。作者收集的數據顯示，必須連續投藥，濃度保持在至少1毫克/升，迫使褐菜蛤關閉外殼，不要讓它有恢復的時間(Rajagopal, 2003)。因此，在褐菜蛤固著的高峰期，最好保持這種氯濃度，以防止出現新的族群。然而，使用的濃度取決最能容忍氯的物種。因此，控制三種貝類共存的族群時，使用的餘氯濃度，應以容忍力最高的綠殼菜蛤為準。

         管理資源 /鏈接

1. Bainy, A. C. D., E. A. Almeida, I. C., Muller, E. C. Ventura, and I. D. Medeiros. 2000. Biochemical responses in farmed mussel Perna perna transplanted to contaminated sites on Santa Catarina Island, SC, Brazil. Marine Environmental Research. 50(1-5). July-December, 2000. 411-416.
2. Centre for Environment, Fisheries & Aquaculture Science (CEFAS)., 2008. Decision support tools-Identifying potentially invasive non-native marine and freshwater species: fish, invertebrates, amphibians.
        摘要： The electronic tool kits made available on the Cefas page for free download are Crown Copyright (2007-2008). As such, these are freeware and may be freely distributed provided this notice is retained. No warranty, expressed or implied, is made and users should satisfy themselves as to the applicability of the results in any given circumstance. Toolkits available include 1) FISK- Freshwater Fish Invasiveness Scoring Kit (English and Spanish language version); 2) MFISK- Marine Fish Invasiveness Scoring Kit; 3) MI-ISK- Marine invertebrate Invasiveness Scoring Kit; 4) FI-ISK- Freshwater Invertebrate Invasiveness Scoring Kit and AmphISK- Amphibian Invasiveness Scoring Kit. These tool kits were developed by Cefas, with new VisualBasic and computational programming by Lorenzo Vilizzi, David Cooper, Andy South and Gordon H. Copp, based on VisualBasic code in the original Weed Risk Assessment (WRA) tool kit of P.C. Pheloung, P.A. Williams & S.R. Halloy (1999).
The decision support tools are available from: http://cefas.defra.gov.uk/our-science/ecosystems-and-biodiversity/non-native-species/decision-support-tools.aspx [Accessed 13 October 2011]
The guidance document is available from http://www.cefas.co.uk/media/118009/fisk_guide_v2.pdf [Accessed 13 January 2009].
3. Gulf States Marine Fisheries Commission (GSMFC), 2003. Perna perna (Linnaeus, 1758). University of Southern Mississippi/College of Marine Sciences/Gulf Coast Research Laboratory.
        摘要： Available from: http://nis.gsmfc.org/nis_factsheet.php?toc_id=149 [Accessed 19 May 2005]
4. Hayes, K., Sliwa, C., Migus, S., McEnnulty, F., Dunstan, P. 2005. National priority pests: Part II Ranking of Australian marine pests. An independent report undertaken for the Department of Environment and Heritage by CSIRO Marine Research.
        摘要： This report is the final report of a two year study designed to identify and rank introduced marine species found within Australian waters (potential domestic target species) and those that are not found within Australian waters (potential international target species).
Available from: http://www.marine.csiro.au/crimp/reports/PriorityPestsFinalreport.pdf [Accessed 25 May 2005]
5. Rajagopal S, Nair KVK, Azariah J, van der Velde G, Jenner HA., 1996b. Chlorination and mussel control in the cooling conduits of a tropical coastal power station. Marine Environmental Research 41: 201-220.
6. Rajagopal S, Nair KVK, van der Velde G, Jenner HA., 1996a. Seasonal settlement and succession of fouling communities in Kalpakkam, east coast of India. Netherlands Journal of Aquatic Ecology 30: 309-325.
7. Rajagopal S, van der Velde G, van der Gaag M, Jenner HA., 2003c. How effective is Intermittent chlorination to control adult mussel fouling in cooling water systems? Water Research 37: 329-338.
8. Rajagopal S, Venugopalan VP, Nair KVK, Azariah J., 1991. Biofouling problems and its control in a tropical coastal power station a case study. Biofouling 3: 325-338.
9. Rajagopal S, Venugopalan VP, Nair KVK, van der Velde G, Jenner HA., 1998. Settlement and growth of the green mussel Perna viridis (L.) in coastal waters: influence of water velocity. Aquatic Ecology 32: 313-322.
10. Rajagopal S, Venugopalan VP, van der Velde G, Jenner HA., 2003a. Response of fouling brown mussel, Perna perna (L.) to chlorine. Archives of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology Issue: Volume 44, Number 3
11. Rajagopal S, Venugopalan VP, van der Velde G, Jenner HA., 2003b. Tolerance of five species of tropical marine mussels to continuous chlorination. Marine Environmental Research 55: 277-291.
12. Rajagopal S, Venugopalan VP, van der Velde G, Jenner HA., 2005. Greening of the coast: what makes the mussel Perna viridis so successful? Aquatic Ecology (Under Revision)
13. Rajagopal, S., V. P. Venugopalan, G. Velde, and H. A. Jenner. 2003. Response of fouling brown mussel, Perna perna (L.), to chlorine. Arch Environ Contam Toxicol. 2003 Apr; 44(3):369-76.
14. Segnini, M. I., K. S. Chung, and J. E. Perez. 1998. Salinity and temperature tolerances of the green and brown mussels, Perna viridis and Perna perna (Bivalvia: Mytilidae). Revista de Biologia Tropical. 46 (SUPPL. 5). Dec., 1998. 121-125.
         結果頁： 1

The Global Invasive Species Database is managed by the Invasive Species Specialist Group (ISSG) of the IUCN Species Survival Commission. It was developed as part of the global initiative on invasive species led by the Global Invasive Species Programme (GISP) and is supported through partnerships with the National Biological Information Infrastructure, Manaaki Whenua-Landcare Research and the University of Auckland. Conditions of use.