issg Database: 管理與資訊相關鏈接Sus scrofa

Sus scrofa (哺乳動物)

生態分佈管理影響 參考資料 聯繫

         管理資訊

使用鈉 monofluoracetate(1080)毒殺，是最流行的方法來控制野生豬。大多數豬在攝取後四小時內會嘔吐。嘔吐物可能對非目標生物很危險，嘔吐也可能造成豬的存活。使用高劑量反嘔吐劑，例如 metoclopramide 、 thiethylperazine 與 prochlorperazine 可預防嘔吐。
夏末可用偽狂犬病和布魯氏菌疫苗，放在魚粉裡當誘餌(當自然食物供應量低)，以控制這些疾病。
在1900年中期新西蘭保育人員使用大陸狩獵技術，以消除小島野豬的數量。最近毒殺技術已發展到控制或消滅野生豬的數量。(Choquenot et al., 1990; O'Brien 與 Lukins, 1990, 在 Cruzet al.2005)狩獵和毒殺技術結合使用，有利於消除較大島上的豬。在夏威夷，哈雷阿卡拉國家公園偏闢的熱帶雨林，用網子誘捕已被用來控制豬在600-800平方公里內的圍欄圍欄。許多人把豬視為高文化價值的(即：利用它們作為方便的食物來源)，以致於想從指定地區移除他們，可能不被接受，如果沒有一個明確好處。以陷阱捕捉，將不會是一個永遠可以接受的控制方法。此外，一個事實，即豬是具有高度流動性，因此由個別地主或控制機構來控制他們是指不經濟的(豬會迅速從鄰近地區移入)。
聖地亞哥島加拉帕戈斯群島(厄瓜多爾外海)有很多具智慧和洞察力的移除案例。已知成功移除島上野豬的關鍵因素是：(1)持續不斷的努力(2)，一個有效的毒殺活動 (3)、一個狩獵計畫 ,(4)開發更多小徑以接近它,(5)強化監督程序。在整個70年代和80年代，獵殺的努力很低(< 500 hunter-days/year)，而在20世紀90年代初努力增加，但並不固定。相比之下，1990年代中期修正後的控制行動，造成了持續的，全年最少每天獵殺1500頭。獵殺豬的獵徑是重要的。需開闢額外的獵徑，並且不獵殺山羊，以便壓制植被(好讓獵人和狗進入島嶼所有的地區)激勵獵人是一個持續的挑戰，尤其是當豬的密度低時。然而，社會、道德的宣導活動與財政獎勵，可以維持獵人動機。而毒殺相較於獵殺，殺較少的豬，但是毒殺成本低，具有成本效益。毒殺使用的化合物對大多數物種都有毒，使用的利弊，應與對非目標物種的衝擊達成平衡。在2000年，最後一頭豬被射殺，最後一頭豬被毒殺後 6個月，開始密集的監測工作。持續不斷的監測工作對移除是至關重要的。缺乏如此的一個努力是負責許多根除失敗。(Campbell et al., 2004, 在 Cruz et al.2005)

         管理資源 /鏈接

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23. Kessler, C.C., 2002. Eradication of feral goats and pigs and consequences for other biota on Sarigan Island, Commonwealth of the Northern Mariana Islands. In Turning the tide: the eradication of invasive species: 132-140. Veitch, C.R. and Clout, M.N.(eds). IUCN SSC Invasive Species Specialist Group. IUCN. Gland. Switzerland and Cambridge. UK.
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29. Nel, J.L.; D.M. Richardson; M. Rouget; T.N. Mgidi; N. Mdzeke; D.C. Le Maitre; B.W. van Wilgen; L. Schonegevel; L. Henderson and S. Neser, 2004. A proposed classification of invasive alien plant species in South Africa: towards prioritizing species and areas for management action. Working for Water South African Journal of Science 100, January/February 2004
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32. Patry, M. 2001. Feral Pig Eradication Campaign on Santiago Island, Galapagos. Informe Galapagos 2001. Fundación Natura, Quito (in press).
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         結果頁： 1

The Global Invasive Species Database is managed by the Invasive Species Specialist Group (ISSG) of the IUCN Species Survival Commission. It was developed as part of the global initiative on invasive species led by the Global Invasive Species Programme (GISP) and is supported through partnerships with the National Biological Information Infrastructure, Manaaki Whenua-Landcare Research and the University of Auckland. Conditions of use.