Melia azedarach (喬木, 灌木)

生態 分佈 管理 影響 參考資料 聯繫

管理資訊 預防措施：苦楝(Melia azedarach)的風險評估，由Kaulunani 都市森林計畫與美國森林服務部贊助，Dr. Curtis Daehler(UH Botany)執行，針對夏威夷與其他太平洋島嶼。外來植物檢查系統源於Pheloung 等(1999)小幅修正後，使用在太平洋島嶼。其結果是14分，建議如下：可能對夏威夷和其他太平洋群島造成重大生態和經濟損害，WRA 分數很高，這是依據已出版的描述物種生物學和行為學的資料在夏威夷或世界其他地區。 如果苦楝是在早期階段控制，成功管理的機會很大。在已經建立起大規模族群的野地，可能需要較長期的努力，因成功的機會較小。據實際工作人員表示，控制苦楝最好的方法是適當使用化學方法。 化學方法：在一篇文章中描述許多外來物種入侵的佛羅里達州的除草劑控制措施，克萊恩和迪凱內爾(1996)建議下列方法、除草劑和設備，可用於化學控制苦楝(Melia azedarach)。基部樹皮處理(可應用到各種規格的樹幹，從幼樹到大樹)建議使用10% Garlon 4。一個背負式噴霧器，噴霧槍或手持噴霧瓶可用於處理程序。砍筏後表面處理(注射，環剝法或削砍殘端處理)建議使用50% Garlon 3A。背負式噴霧器或泵式噴霧器適用於砍筏表面處理。建議對葉面噴施 1%(高容量)Garlon 3A。作者報告說：基部樹皮處理和削砍樹皮表面處理效果是「極佳」的，而葉面噴施法效果是「佳」。 機械方法：一項苦楝(Melia azedarach)無性繁殖的研究顯示，此植物在局部範圍受動物損傷或大規模受林火傷害後會引起的多產的再萌芽~因而增加密度和擴散的種類。作者認為，切除根系會觸發不定芽和吸根生長(Tourn等人, 1999)。                管理資源 /鏈接 1. Batcher M.S. 2000. Element Stewardship Abstract for Melia azedarach. The Nature Conservancy.         摘要： An Element Stewardship Abstract containing detail report on description, distribution, dispersal methods, impacts, habitats and control. Available from: http://www.invasive.org/gist/esadocs/documnts/meliaze.pdf [Accessed 19 July 2010] 2. Daehler, C.C; Denslow, J.S; Ansari, S and Huang-Chi, K., 2004. A Risk-Assessment System for Screening Out Invasive Pest Plants from Hawaii and Other Pacific Islands. Conservation Biology Volume 18 Issue 2 Page 360.         摘要： A study on the use of a screening system to assess proposed plant introductions to Hawaii or other Pacific Islands and to identify high-risk species used in horticulture and forestry which would greatly reduce future pest-plant problems and allow entry of most nonpests. 3. Foxcroft, Llewellyn, C & David, M.R., 2003. Managing alien plant invasions in Kruger national Park, South Africa. In Plant Invasions: Ecological threats and Management Solutions, pp 385-403 Eds L.E. Child; J.H. Brock; G. Brundu; K. Prach; P. Pysek; P.M. Wade; and M. Williamson. Blackhuys Publishers, Netherlands. 4. Ghersa, Claudio M; de la Fuente, Elba; Suarez, Susana; and Leon, Rolando J. C., 2002. Woody species invasion in the Rolling Pampa grasslands, Argentina Agriculture Ecosystems & Environment. 88(3). 271-278. 5. Kline, W.N and Duquesnel, J.G., 1996. Management of invasive exotic plants with herbicides in Florida. DowElanco, Vol 51 (2) 6. PIER (Pacific Island Ecosystems at Risk) 2003. Melia azedarach         摘要： Short report on description, habitat, dispersal methods and control. Available from: http://www.hear.org/pier/species/melia_azedarach.htm [Accessed 5 June 2003] 7. Swaziland's Alien Plants Database., Undated. Melia azedarach         摘要： A database of Swaziland's alien plant species. 8. Tourn, G.M; Menvielle, M.F; Scopel, A.L. & Pidal, B., 1999. Clonal strategies of a woody weed: Melia azedarach. Plant and Soil 217: 111–117, 9. Van Wilgen, B.W; Richardson D.M; Le Maitre D.C; Marais C, & Magadlela D., 2001. The economic consequences of alien plant invasions: examples of impacts and approaches to sustainable management in South Africa. Environment, Development and Sustainability 3: 145–168. 10. Varnham, K. 2006. Non-native species in UK Overseas Territories: a review. JNCC Report 372. Peterborough: United Kingdom.         摘要： This database compiles information on alien species from British Overseas Territories. Available from: http://www.jncc.gov.uk/page-3660 [Accessed 10 November 2009]          結果頁： 1