 |
|
|
 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
管理信息
预防措施：苦楝(Melia azedarach)的风险评估，由Kaulunani 都市森林计划与美国森林服务部赞助，Dr. Curtis Daehler (UH Botany)执行，针对夏威夷与其它太平洋岛屿。外来植物检查系统源于Pheloung 等(1999) 小幅修正后，使用在太平洋岛屿。其结果是14分，建议如下：可能对夏威夷和其它太平洋群岛造成重大生态和经济损害，WRA 分数很高，这是依据已出版的描述物种生物学和行为学的数据在夏威夷或世界其它地区。如果苦楝是在早期阶段控制，成功管理的机会很大。在已经建立起大规模族群的野地，可能需要较长期的努力，因成功的机会较小。据实际工作人员表示，控制苦楝最好的方法是适当使用化学方法。 化学方法：在一篇文章中描述许多外来物种入侵的佛罗里达州的除草剂控制措施，克莱恩和迪凯内尔(1996)建议下列方法、除草剂和设备，可用于化学控制苦楝(Melia azedarach)。基部树皮处理(可应用到各种规格的树干，从幼树到大树)建议使用10% Garlon 4。一个背负式喷雾器，喷雾枪或手持喷雾瓶可用于处理程序。砍筏后表面处理(注射，环剥法或削砍残端处理)建议使用50% Garlon 3A。背负式喷雾器或泵式喷雾器适用于砍筏表面处理。建议对叶面喷施 1% (高容量)Garlon 3A。作者报告说：基部树皮处理和削砍树皮表面处理效果是「极佳」的，而叶面喷施法效果是「佳」。 机械方法：一项苦楝(Melia azedarach)无性繁殖的研究显示，此植物在局部范围受动物损伤或大规模受林火伤害后会引起的多产的再萌芽~因而增加密度和扩散的种类。作者认为，切除根系会触发不定芽和吸根生长(Tourn等人, 1999)。   
地点特有的管理信息El Palmar
Management of this species has involved the use of chemicals, prescribed fires and tree-fellings. The authors of a study into the clonal strategies of M. azedarach state that these measures induced prolific resprouting increasing the density and spread of the species. The authors demonstrate that excised roots initiate the developement of adventitious buds and suckers. Injury to the plant, maybe by animal mediated injury at a local scale and by fire on a large scale can cause roots to resprout. Krueger (Kruger) National Park
From 1958, the cultivation of alien plant species was prohibited in KNP especially in staff gardens and rest houses. In 1972 a list of alien species, of which M. azedarach was one, was published. M. azedarach was also included in a more comprehensive list of invasive aliens published in 1984 under the Conservation of Agricultural Resources Act. Re-invasion from upstream has made it very difficult to control/eradicate M. azedarach (Tickner et al. 2001).
管理资源 /链接
2. Daehler, C.C; Denslow, J.S; Ansari, S and Huang-Chi, K., 2004. A Risk-Assessment System for Screening Out Invasive Pest Plants from Hawaii and Other Pacific Islands. Conservation Biology Volume 18 Issue 2 Page 360.
摘要： A study on the use of a screening system to assess proposed plant introductions to Hawaii or other Pacific Islands and to identify high-risk species used in horticulture and forestry which would greatly reduce future pest-plant problems and allow entry of most nonpests. 3. Foxcroft, Llewellyn, C & David, M.R., 2003. Managing alien plant invasions in Kruger national Park, South Africa. In Plant Invasions: Ecological threats and Management Solutions, pp 385-403 Eds L.E. Child; J.H. Brock; G. Brundu; K. Prach; P. Pysek; P.M. Wade; and M. Williamson. Blackhuys Publishers, Netherlands. 4. Ghersa, Claudio M; de la Fuente, Elba; Suarez, Susana; and Leon, Rolando J. C., 2002. Woody species invasion in the Rolling Pampa grasslands, Argentina
Agriculture Ecosystems & Environment. 88(3). 271-278. 5. Kline, W.N and Duquesnel, J.G., 1996. Management of invasive exotic plants with herbicides in Florida. DowElanco, Vol 51 (2) 7. Swaziland's Alien Plants Database., Undated. Melia azedarach
摘要： A database of Swaziland's alien plant species. 8. Tourn, G.M; Menvielle, M.F; Scopel, A.L. & Pidal, B., 1999. Clonal strategies of a woody weed: Melia azedarach. Plant and Soil 217: 111–117, 9. Van Wilgen, B.W; Richardson D.M; Le Maitre D.C; Marais C, & Magadlela D., 2001. The economic consequences of alien plant invasions: examples of impacts and approaches to sustainable management in South Africa. Environment, Development and Sustainability 3: 145–168. 结果页： 1
|
|
|
|
 |
|
