issg Database: 管理與資訊相關鏈接Cinchona pubescens

Cinchona pubescens (喬木)

生態分佈管理影響 參考資料 聯繫

         管理資訊

預防措施：一個針對夏威夷與其他太平洋島嶼的大葉金雞納樹(Cinchona pubescens)的風險評估，由 Kaulunani 都市森林計畫與美國森林服務部贊助，Dr. Curtis Daehler(UH Botany)執行。外來植物檢查系統衍生自 Pheloung et al。(1999)經過小幅修正使用在太平洋島嶼.(Daehler et al.2004)結果是 9 分，建議如下：可能在夏威夷與其他太平洋島嶼上引起重要的生態或者經濟的傷害，WRA 分數很高，以夏威夷和其他世界各地公開的生物學描述資訊為依據。
物理方法：人工方法，包括砍筏成株與拔除(挖)殘枝與幼苗，相當有效。這個方法有效的前提是，所有直徑大於 2 公分的根都被移除。移除樹苗是有效的，但是成熟的樹能從切割的殘枝重新萌芽。去除樹皮是無效的，即使去除樹皮向上到莖的 1 公尺：樹皮再生長，而且修理傷口，而且樹存活。
化學方法： C. Pubescens對許多除草劑有抵抗性，因此化學控制需要使用合適的毒劑配方，例如 triclopyr ， picloram, 2,4-D, metsulfuron methyl。合適的方法包括切割殘枝、基生樹皮與砍筏後噴藥。
已經顯示出砍筏後噴藥在加拉巴哥島控制 C. Pubescens是有效的。2000 年控制試驗的評估顯示成功地殺死 C. Pubescens，使用picloram- metsulphuron 甲基除草劑噴到樹幹缺口。這種這組合方法，現在是加拉巴哥島國家公園例行的控制方法。(Buddenhagen et al.2004)

         管理資源 /鏈接

1. Buddenhagen, C., and Yánez, P. 2005. The cost of quinine Cinchona pubescens control on Santa Cruz Island, Galapagos. Galapagos Research 63:32-36.
        摘要： Analysis of the cost of controlling the invasive quinine tree Cinchona pubescens Vahl in the highlands of Santa Cruz Island, Galapagos.
2. Buddenhagen, C.E., Rentería, J.L., Gardener, M., Wilkinson, S.R., Soria M., Yánez, P., Tye, A., and Valle, R. 2004. The Control of a Highly Invasive Tree Cinchona pubescens in Galápagos. Weed Technology 18:1194-1202. Weed Science Society of America, Lawrence, Kansas, USA.
        摘要： A review of past efforts to control C. pubescens in the Galapagos Islands and a discussion on the results of a test of a variety of herbicides and selective application methods.
3. Daehler, C.C; Denslow, J.S; Ansari, S and Huang-Chi, K., 2004. A Risk-Assessment System for Screening Out Invasive Pest Plants from Hawaii and Other Pacific Islands. Conservation Biology Volume 18 Issue 2 Page 360.
        摘要： A study on the use of a screening system to assess proposed plant introductions to Hawaii or other Pacific Islands and to identify high-risk species used in horticulture and forestry which would greatly reduce future pest-plant problems and allow entry of most nonpests.
4. European and Mediterranean Plant Protection Organization (EPPO), 2006. Guidelines for the management of invasive alien plants or potentially invasive alien plants which are intended for import or have been intentionally imported. EPPO Bulletin 36 (3), 417-418.
5. IUCN/SSC Invasive Species Specialist Group (ISSG)., 2010. A Compilation of Information Sources for Conservation Managers.
        摘要： This compilation of information sources can be sorted on keywords for example: Baits & Lures, Non Target Species, Eradication, Monitoring, Risk Assessment, Weeds, Herbicides etc. This compilation is at present in Excel format, this will be web-enabled as a searchable database shortly. This version of the database has been developed by the IUCN SSC ISSG as part of an Overseas Territories Environmental Programme funded project XOT603 in partnership with the Cayman Islands Government - Department of Environment. The compilation is a work under progress, the ISSG will manage, maintain and enhance the database with current and newly published information, reports, journal articles etc.
6. Jäger, H. 1999. Impact of the introduced tree Cinchona pubescens Vahl on the native flora of the highlands of Santa Cruz Island (Galapagos Islands). Diplomarbeit, Univ. Oldenburg, Germany.
        摘要： Evaluates the impact on native vegetation in the Miconia and Fern-sedge Zones. Reveals drastic reduction in species diversity under canopy of quinine trees, including severe effects on many endemic plant species.
7. PIER (Pacific Island Ecosystems at Risk), 2002. Cinchona pubescens
        摘要： Ecology, synonyms, common names, distributions (Pacific as well as global), management and impact information.
Available from: http://www.hear.org/pier/species/cinchona_pubescens.htm [Accessed 5 February 2003].
8. Renteria, J. L. 2002. Ecología y manejo de la cascarilla (Cinchona pubescens Vahl), en Santa Cruz, Galapagos. Área Agropecuaria y de Recursos Naturales Renovables. Loja, Ecuador: Universidad Nacional de Loja. Pp. 1-89.
        摘要： Gives information on the distribution, density, phenology, seed dispersal and seed longevity of C. pubescens in the Galápagos National Park and the agricultural zone. Furthermore, it gives results of chemical control experiments, using different control techniques and different herbicides.
9. Rentería, Jorge Luis; Rachel Atkinson, Ana Mireya Guerrero, Johanna Mader 2006. Manual de Identification y Manejo de Malezas en las Islas Galápagos. Segunda edición, Fundación Charles Darwin, Santa Cruz, Galápagos, Ecuador.
        摘要： An illustrated guide providing practical information for the effective control of the worst invasive plant species in Galapagos. Designed for farmers and other land managers, it describes manual and chemical control methods. It also includes 8 species that are potential problems for Galapagos. Language: Spanish
Una guía con ilustraciones que provee información para el control efectivo de las peores plantas invasoras en Galápagos. Esta diseñada para los agricultores y personas involucradas en conservación. De una forma clara y simple se describe los métodos de control manuales y químicos; también incluye 8 especies que potencialmente podrían ser un problema para Galápagos. Lenguaje: Español.
10. Soria, M., Taylor, U., Tye, A. and Wilkinson, S. 2002. Identifación y Manejo de melaxas en las islas Galápagos. Parque Nacional Galápagos y Fundación Charles Darwin, Puerto Ayora, Galápagos, Ecuador.
11. Starr, F., Starr, K., and Loope, L. 2003. Cinchona pubescens. Report for the Hawaiian Ecosystems at Risk project (HEAR).
        摘要： Available from: http://www.hear.org/starr/hiplants/reports/html/cinchona_pubescens.htm
         結果頁： 1

The Global Invasive Species Database is managed by the Invasive Species Specialist Group (ISSG) of the IUCN Species Survival Commission. It was developed as part of the global initiative on invasive species led by the Global Invasive Species Programme (GISP) and is supported through partnerships with the National Biological Information Infrastructure, Manaaki Whenua-Landcare Research and the University of Auckland. Conditions of use.