管理信息
预防措施：一个针对夏威夷与其它太平洋岛屿的大叶金鸡纳树(Cinchona pubescens)的风险评估，由 Kaulunani 都市森林计划与美国森林服务部赞助，Dr. Curtis Daehler (UH Botany)执行。外来植物检查系统衍生自 Pheloung et al。(1999) 经过小幅修正使用在太平洋岛屿.(Daehler et al.2004) 结果是 9 分，建议如下：可能在夏威夷与其它太平洋岛屿上引起重要的生态或者经济的伤害，WRA 分数很高，以夏威夷和其它世界各地公开的生物学描述信息为依据 。物理方法：人工方法，包括砍筏成株与拔除(挖)残枝与幼苗，相当有效。这个方法有效的前提是，所有直径大于 2 公分的根都被移除。移除树苗是有效的，但是成熟的树能从切割的残枝重新萌芽。去除树皮是无效的，即使去除树皮向上到茎的 1 公尺：树皮再生长，而且修理伤口，而且树存活。 化学方法： C. Pubescens对许多除草剂有抵抗性，因此化学控制需要使用合适的毒剂配方，例如 triclopyr ， picloram, 2,4-D, metsulfuron methyl。合适的方法包括切割残枝、基生树皮与砍筏后喷药。 已经显示出砍筏后喷药在加拉巴哥岛控制 C. Pubescens是有效的。2000 年控制试验的评估显示成功地杀死 C. Pubescens，使用picloram- metsulphuron 甲基除草剂喷到树干缺口。这种这组合方法，现在是加拉巴哥岛国家公园例行的控制方法。(Buddenhagen et al.2004)   
地点特有的管理信息Galapagos Islands
Please follow this link Rentería et al 2006 to An illustrated guide providing practical information for the effective control of the worst invasive plant species in Galapagos. Designed for farmers and other land managers, it describes manual and chemical control methods. Cinchona pubescens is among 23 introduced species with descriptions and control options listed. Galápagos National Park (GNP)
Buddenhagen et al (2004) reviews control options used in the control of in the past and tests a variety of herbicides and selective application methods. The author concludes "A mixture of picloram and metsulfuron (240 and
15 g ai/L, respectively) killed 73 to 100% of trees when applied to connecting machete cuts around the circumference of tree trunks (hack and squirt HS) at concentrations of 5, 10, and 20% in water, with larger trees requiring higher concentrations for best results. Although this herbicide mixture also was effective when applied using other methods, HS was the least labor intensive and costly." For more details please see Buddenhagen et al. 2004
Please follow this link Rentería et al 2006 to An illustrated guide providing practical information for the effective control of the worst invasive plant species in Galapagos. Designed for farmers and other land managers, it describes manual and chemical control methods. Cinchona pubescens is among 23 introduced species with descriptions and control options listed. Hawaii
Starr et al. (2003) state "While eradication of C. pubescens in the Makawao Forest Reserve would be difficult, controlling small populations in pockets of rich native vegetation may help contain the infestation and slow the degradation of the remaining native forests in the area." Santa Cruz Is. (Ecuador)
Buddenhagen et al (2004) reviews control options used in the control of in the past and tests a variety of herbicides and selective application methods. The author concludes "A mixture of picloram and metsulfuron (240 and
15 g ai/L, respectively) killed 73 to 100% of trees when applied to connecting machete cuts around the circumference of tree trunks (hack and squirt HS) at concentrations of 5, 10, and 20% in water, with larger trees requiring higher concentrations for best results. Although this herbicide mixture also was effective when applied using other methods, HS was the least labor intensive and costly." For more details please see Buddenhagen et al. 2004
Please follow this link Rentería et al 2006 to An illustrated guide providing practical information for the effective control of the worst invasive plant species in Galapagos. Designed for farmers and other land managers, it describes manual and chemical control methods. Cinchona pubescens is among 23 introduced species with descriptions and control options listed.
管理资源 /链接
1. Buddenhagen, C., and Yánez, P. 2005. The cost of quinine Cinchona pubescens control on Santa Cruz Island, Galapagos. Galapagos Research 63:32-36.
摘要： Analysis of the cost of controlling the invasive quinine tree Cinchona pubescens Vahl in the highlands of Santa Cruz Island, Galapagos. 2. Buddenhagen, C.E., Rentería, J.L., Gardener, M., Wilkinson, S.R., Soria M., Yánez, P., Tye, A., and Valle, R. 2004. The Control of a Highly Invasive Tree Cinchona pubescens in Galápagos. Weed Technology 18:1194-1202. Weed Science Society of America, Lawrence, Kansas, USA.
摘要： A review of past efforts to control C. pubescens in the Galapagos Islands and a discussion on the results of a test of a variety of herbicides and selective application methods. 3. Daehler, C.C; Denslow, J.S; Ansari, S and Huang-Chi, K., 2004. A Risk-Assessment System for Screening Out Invasive Pest Plants from Hawaii and Other Pacific Islands. Conservation Biology Volume 18 Issue 2 Page 360.
摘要： A study on the use of a screening system to assess proposed plant introductions to Hawaii or other Pacific Islands and to identify high-risk species used in horticulture and forestry which would greatly reduce future pest-plant problems and allow entry of most nonpests. 5. IUCN/SSC Invasive Species Specialist Group (ISSG)., 2010. A Compilation of Information Sources for Conservation Managers.
摘要： This compilation of information sources can be sorted on keywords for example: Baits & Lures, Non Target Species, Eradication, Monitoring, Risk Assessment, Weeds, Herbicides etc. This compilation is at present in Excel format, this will be web-enabled as a searchable database shortly. This version of the database has been developed by the IUCN SSC ISSG as part of an Overseas Territories Environmental Programme funded project XOT603 in partnership with the Cayman Islands Government - Department of Environment. The compilation is a work under progress, the ISSG will manage, maintain and enhance the database with current and newly published information, reports, journal articles etc. 6. Jäger, H. 1999. Impact of the introduced tree Cinchona pubescens Vahl on the native flora of the highlands of Santa Cruz Island (Galapagos Islands). Diplomarbeit, Univ. Oldenburg, Germany.
摘要： Evaluates the impact on native vegetation in the Miconia and Fern-sedge Zones. Reveals drastic reduction in species diversity under canopy of quinine trees, including severe effects on many endemic plant species. 8. Renteria, J. L. 2002. Ecología y manejo de la cascarilla (Cinchona pubescens Vahl), en Santa Cruz, Galapagos. Área Agropecuaria y de Recursos Naturales Renovables. Loja, Ecuador: Universidad Nacional de Loja. Pp. 1-89.
摘要： Gives information on the distribution, density, phenology, seed dispersal and seed longevity of C. pubescens in the Galápagos National Park and the agricultural zone. Furthermore, it gives results of chemical control experiments, using different control techniques and different herbicides. 10. Soria, M., Taylor, U., Tye, A. and Wilkinson, S. 2002. Identifación y Manejo de melaxas en las islas Galápagos. Parque Nacional Galápagos y Fundación Charles Darwin, Puerto Ayora, Galápagos, Ecuador. 结果页： 1
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