Ecology Distribution Management Info Impact Info References and Links Contacts

Management Information Preventative measures: Control of horticulture trade would be the most effective means of mitigating the spread of Eleutherodactylus planirostris. However enforcement of such policies has proven difficult (Kraus and Campbell, 2002). Cultural: Hawaii has published pest alerts informing the public of greenhouse frogs and their negative effects on the environment. It gives a physical description and a description of their call as well as urges the public to reports sightings and even hand capture and dispose the frogs humanely (PestAlert, undated). Chemical: Chemical treatment appears to be the only practical and cost effective means of controlling E. planirostris once established. Hawaii legalized and advocates the use of Ash Grove Kemilime and/or Graymont Hydrated Lime on outdoor ornamentals in nurseries, residential areas, parks, resorts, forest habitats and other natural areas to control E. planirostris under an EPA approved Quarantine Exemption. Also, spray application of 2.0% concentration caffine solution has been demonstrated to eliminate greenhouse frogs (Kraus and Campbell, 2002; USFS, 2006).          Location Specific Management Information Hawaii (United States (USA)) Hawaii legalized and advocates the use of Ash Grove Kemilime and Graymont Hydrated Lime on outdoor ornamentals in nurseries, residential areas, parks, resorts, forest habitats and other natural areas to control Eleutherodactylus planirostris under an EPA approved Quarantine Exemption (USFS, 2006). Also, spray application of 2.0% concentration caffine solution has been demonstrated to eliminate greenhouse frogs (Kraus & Campbell, 2002).          Management Resources/Links 1. Bomford, Mary; Fred Kraus; Mike Braysher; Liz Walter & Leanne Brown., 2005. Risk assessment model for the import and keeping of exotic reptiles and amphibians. A report produced by the Bureau of Rural Sciences for The Department of Environment and Heritage         Summary: Available from: http://www.feral.org.au/feral_documents/RepAmphRisk.pdf [Accessed 4 September 2008] 2. Christy, Michelle T; Savidge, Julie A; Rodda, Gordon H., 2007b. Multiple pathways for invasion of anurans on a Pacific island. Diversity & Distributions. 13(5). SEP 2007. 598-607. 3. Hawaii Department of Land and Natural Resources (DLNR)., 1999. Eleutherodactylus Factsheet         Summary: Available from: http://www.state.hi.us/dlnr/dofaw/pubs/frogfact.pdf [Accessed 6 September 2008] 4. Hawaiin Ecosystems At Risk (HEAR)., 2006. Eleutherodactylus planirostris (Amphibians-Frogs) greenhouse frog         Summary: Available from: http://www.hear.org/species/eleutherodactylus_planirostris/ [Accessed 6 September 2008] 5. Henderson, Robert, W & Robert Powell., 2001. Responses by the West Indian Herpetofauna to Human-Influenced Resources. Caribbean Journal of Science, Vol. 37, No. 1-2, 41-54, 2001         Summary: Available from: http://academic.uprm.edu/publications/cjs/Vol37a/37_41-54.pdf [Accessed 6 September 2008] 6. Kraus, Fred & Earl W. Campbell III., 2002b. Neotropical Frogs in Hawaii: Status and Management Options for an Unusual Introduced Pest. Proc. 20th Vertebrate Pest Conference (R.M. Timm & R.H. Schmidt (eds.)) Published at University of California Davis (2002) Pp 316-318         Summary: Available from: http://cofcs66.aphis.usda.gov/wildlife_damage/nwrc/publications/02pubs/camp022.pdf [Accessed 6 September 2008] 7. Maui Invasive Species Committee (MISC)., 2007. MISC target species Caribbean frogs         Summary: Available from: http://www.hear.org/MISC/misc_target_species/coqui.htm [Accessed 6 September 2008] 8. Pest Alert "Stop the Spread of Caribbean Frogs"         Summary: Available from: http://www.hear.org/alienspeciesinhawaii/species/frogs/frogalert20000404.pdf [Accessed 6 September 2008] 9. Rice, Kenneth G.; J. Hardin Waddle; Marquette E. Crockett; Christopher D. Bugbee; Brian M. Jeffery; and H. Franklin Percival., 2007. Herpetofaunal Inventories of the National Parks of South Florida and the Caribbean: Volume IV. Biscayne National Park. Open-File Report 2007-1057 U.S. Department of the Interior U.S. Geological Survey         Summary: Available from: http://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2007/1057/pdf/ofr2007-1057.pdf [Accessed 6 September 2008] 10. Somma, Louis A., 2008. Eleutherodactylus planirostris. USGS Nonindigenous Aquatic Species Database, Gainesville, FL.         Summary: Available from: http://nas.er.usgs.gov/queries/FactSheet.asp?speciesID=61 [Accessed 6 September 2008] 11. Stewart, M. M & Martin G. E., 1980. Coconot Husk Piles a Unique Habitat for Jamaican Terrestrial Frogs. Biotropica. 12(2). 1980. 107-116. 12. U.S. Fish & Wildlife Service, 2006. Section 18 Quarantine Exemption For the Use of Ash Grove Kemilime (97.0% a.i.) And/Or Graymont Hydrated Lime (96.0% a.i.) To Control Coqui and Greenhouse Frogs (Eleutherodactylus coqui and E. planirostris) In Outdoor Ornamental Plants in Nurseries and Residential Areas, Parks, Hotels & Resorts, Forest Habitats and Natural Areas*         Summary: Available from: http://www.hear.org/alienspeciesinhawaii/species/frogs/frogalert20000404.pdf [Accessed 6 September 2008] 13. Western Micronesia Regional Invasive Species Council (WM-RISC Wiki)., 2007. Eleutherodactylus planirostris         Summary: Available from: http://www.guaminsects.net/gisac/index.php?title=Eleutherodactylus_planirostris [Accessed 6 September 2008] 14. Witmer, Gary W., Patrick W. Burke, Will C. Pitt, Michael L. Avery., 2007. Management of Invasive Vertebrates in the United States: An overview. USDA National Wildlife Research Center Symposia: Managing Vertebrate Invasive Species. University of Nebraska Lincoln         Summary: Available from: http://digitalcommons.unl.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1055&context=nwrcinvasive [Accessed 6 September 2008]          Results Page: 1