管理資訊
預防措施：太平洋螞蟻預防計劃 是一份由太平洋植物保護組織與地區技術會議提議的植物保護計畫。這一個計劃目標是預防入侵紅火蟻與其他侵入的螞蟻品種，入侵、建立族群或在太平洋區域的國家之間傳佈，以免造成經濟、環境以及社會的衝擊。一份詳細的害蟲風險評估表，列出紐西蘭八大高風險害蟲，作為 "入侵螞蟻風險評估計畫" 的一部份。Harriset al.2005。, 為紐西蘭土地保護研究計畫的生物安全 。給 小火蟻(Wasmannia auropunctata)的侵入螞蟻風險評估能在 查閱小火蟻(Wasmannia auropunctata)風險評估 。請參閱 小火蟻(Wasmannia auropunctata)資料頁 關於生物學、分佈更多的資訊, 有害生物狀態與控制技術。 綜合管理：入侵螞蟻在遭受人類利用、改變的生態系統中，比較有可能達到高密度族群。舉例來說，經過人類過度開發的南美洲的原產地，小火蟻是森林與棲息地的一個較大的問題(Armbrecht and Ulloa-Chacon 2003). 在哥倫比亞南部與巴西，分別地，甘蔗單一栽培與可可粉農場，已經證明與小火蟻的高豐富度有關。Similarily, 阿根廷螞蟻( 阿根廷蟻(Linepithema humile))達成 argricultural 系統的地方性高度密度, 特別地柑橘類果園, 主人蜂蜜-生產露珠的 Homoptera.(Armbrecht 與 Ulloa-Chacon 2003; Holway et al.2002)這暗示土地管理的改進(包括改良土地使用的效率而且減少實施單一栽培)與減少初級生產，將會減少侵入螞蟻的數量，減輕問題，並且減少新感染的可能來源。 化學方法：預期在小島上或者在隔離的區域，入蟻分佈小於12公頃的地方，移除計劃較易成功。 在愛琴海加拉巴哥島，也許已經不可能從大的島移除 W. auropunctata。 然而曾經從 Santa Fe 成功地把它移除，因此也有可能從其他的小島例如 Marchena 移除。 在這些島上的小火蟻的控制已經使用非選擇的螞蟻毒藥，火，或清理植物等方法(Roque-Albelo and 請按此連結取得更多資訊 小火蟻(Wasmannia auropunctata) ISSG 彙編的管理。   
管理資源 /鏈接
1. Abedrabbo, S. 1994. Control of the little fire ant, Wasmannia auropunctata, on Santa Fe Island in the Galapagos Islands. pp. 219–227 in Williams, D. F. (ed.) Exotic ants: biology, impact, and control of introduced species. Westview Press, Boulder. 332 pp. 2. AntWeb, 2006. Wasmannia auropunctata
摘要： AntWeb illustrates ant diversity by providing information and high quality color images of many of the approximately 10,000 known species of ants. AntWeb currently focusses on the species of the Nearctic and Malagasy biogeographic regions, and the ant genera of the world. Over time, the site is expected to grow to describe every species of ant known. AntWeb provides the following tools: Search tools, Regional Lists, In-depth information, Ant Image comparision tool PDF field guides maps on AntWeb and Google Earth and Ant genera of the world slide show.
AntWeb is available from: http://antweb.org/about.jsp [Accessed 20 April 2006]
The species page is available from: http://antweb.org/getComparison.do?rank=species&genus=wasmannia&name=auropunctata&project=&project= [Accessed 2 May 2006] 4. Commonwealth of Australia. 2006a. Threat abatement plan to reduce the impacts of tramp ants on biodiversity in Australia and its
territories, Department of the Environment and Heritage,
Canberra.
摘要： This plan establishes a national framework to guide and coordinate Australia’s response to tramp ants, identifying the research, management, and other actions necessary to ensure the long term survival of native species and ecological communities affected by tramp ants. It identifies
six national priority species as an initial, but
flexible, list on which to focus attention. They
are the red imported fi re ant (Solenopsis invicta),
tropical fire ant (S. geminata), little fire ant
(Wasmannia auropunctata), African big-headed
ant (Pheidole megacephala), yellow crazy ant
(Anoplolepis gracilipes), and Argentine ant
(Linepithema humile).
Available from: http://www.environment.gov.au/biodiversity/threatened/publications/tap/pubs/tramp-ants.pdf [Accessed 17 November 2009] 6. Delabie, J. H. C. 1989. Preliminary evaluation of an alternative technique for the control of the little fire ant Wasmannia auropunctata in cacao plantations. Agrotropica 75: 75-78. 8. Department of the Environment and Heritage (DEH), 2005. Draft Threat Abatement Plan for for Reduction in Impacts of Tramp Ants on Biodiversity in Australia and its Territories 9. Formis: A Master Bibliography of Ant Literature. USDA, Agricultural Research Service. 10. Fourmi de feu a Tahiti (in French)
摘要： Webpage created to centralise information on the Wasmannia auropunctata invasion in Tahiti. Contains an assessment of the situation, images, maps, scientific documents, links and contacts. 11. Harris, R.; Abbott, K.; Barton, K.; Berry, J.; Don, W.; Gunawardana, D.; Lester, P.; Rees, J.; Stanley, M.; Sutherland, A.; Toft, R. 2005: Invasive ant pest risk assessment project for Biosecurity New Zealand. Series of unpublished Landcare Research contract reports to Biosecurity New Zealand. BAH/35/2004-1.
摘要： The invasive ant risk assessment project, prepared for Biosecurity New Zealand by Landcare Research, synthesises information on the ant species that occur in New Zealand (native and introduced species), and on invasive ants that pose a potential threat to New Zealand.
There is a great deal of information in this risk assessment on invasive ant species that is of global interest, including; biology, distribution, pest status, control technologies.
The assessment project has five sections.1) The Ants of New Zealand: information sheets on all native and introduced ants established in New Zealand
2) Preliminary invasive ant risk assessment: risk scorecard to quantify the threat to New Zealand of 75 ant species.
3) Information sheets on invasive ant threats: information sheets on all ant species scored as medium to high risk (n = 39).
4) Pest risk assessment: A detailed pest risk assessment for the eight species ranked as having the highest potential risk to New Zealand (Anoplolepis gracilipes, Lasius neglectus, Monomorium destructor, Paratrechina longicornis, Solenopsis geminata, Solenopsis richteri, Tapinoma melanocephalum, Wasmannia auropunctata)
5) Ranking of high risk species: ranking of the eight highest risk ant species in terms of the risks of entry, establishment, spread, and detrimental consequences.
NB. The red imported fire ant (Solenopsis invicta) is considered to be the worst ant pest in the world. However, Solenopsis invicta was specifically excluded from consideration in this risk assessment as this species has already been subject to detailed consideration by Biosecurity New Zealand
(This invasive ant pest risk assessment was funded by Biosecurity New Zealand and Foundation for Research, Science and Technology. Undertaken by Landcare Research in collaboration with Victoria University of Wellington and Otago Museum)
Available from:
http://www.landcareresearch.co.nz/research/biocons/invertebrates/Ants/ant_pest_risk.asp [Accessed 20 May 2007] 12. Harris, R.J. & Barker, G. (2007). Relative risk of invasive ants (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) establishing in New Zealand. New Zealand Journal of Zoology 34: 161-178. 13. Holway, D.A., Lach, L., Suarez, A.V., Tsutsui, N.D. and Case, T.J. 2002. The Causes and Consequences of Ant Invasions, Annu. Rev. Ecol. Syst. 33: 181-233. 14. ISSG, compilation of email correspondence with Simon O'Connor, Jean-Yves Meyer and Eric Loeve in November 2005 15. Lubin, Y. 1984. Changes in the native fauna of the Galápagos Islands following invasion by the little fire ant Wasmannia auropunctata. Biol. J. Linn. Soc. 21: 229- 242. 16. McGlynn, T.P. 1999. The Worldwide Transfer of Ants: Geographical Distribution and Ecological Invasions, Journal of Biogeography 26(3): 535-548. 17. Meyer, J.-Y and Jourdan, H. Undated. Little Fire Ant in Tahiti and Miconia in New Caledonia: French connection to tackle “new” invasions in South Pacific Islands 18. Ness, J.H and Bronstein, J.L. 2004. The Effects of Invasive Ants on Prospective ant Mutualists, Biological Invasions 6: 445-461. 21. Roque, Albelo L., Causton, C. E. and Mieles, A. 2000. The ants of Marchena Island, twelve years after the introduction of the little fire ant, Wasmnnia auropunctata. Noticias de Galápagos. 22. Sarnat, E. M. (December 4, 2008) PIAkey: Identification guide to ants of the Pacific Islands, Edition 2.0, Lucid v. 3.4. USDA/APHIS/PPQ Center for Plant Health Science and Technology and University of California — Davis.
摘要： PIAkey (Pacific Invasive Ant key) is an electronic guide designed to assist users identify invasive ant species commonly encountered in the Pacific Island region. The guide covers four subfamilies, 20 genera and 44 species.
The primary tool offered by PIAkey is an interactive key designed using Lucid3 software. In addition to being fully illustrated, the Lucid key allows users to enter at multiple character points, skip unknown characters, and find the most efficient path for identifying the available taxa. Each species is linked to its own web page. These species pages, or factsheets, are linked to an illustrated glossary of morphological terms, and include the following seven sections: 1) Overview of the species; 2) Diagnostic chart illustrating a unique combination of identification characters; 3) Comparison chart illustrating differences among species of similar appearance; 4) Video clip of the species behavior at food baits (where available); 5) Image gallery that includes original specimen images and live images (where available); 6) Nomenclature section detailing the taxonomic history of the species, and 7) Links and references section for additional literature and online resources.
Available from: http://www.lucidcentral.org/keys/v3/PIAkey/index.html [Accessed 17 December 2008] 23. Silberglied, R. 1972. The ‘little fire ant,’ Wasmannia auropunctata, a serious pest in the Galapagos Islands. Noticias Galapagos 19/20: 13–15. 24. Souza, E., Follett, P.A., Price, D.K., Stacy, E.A. (2006). Field Suppression of the Invasive Ant Wasmannia auropunctata (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) in a Tropical Fruit Orchard in Hawaii. Journal of Economic Entomology 101(4): 1068-1074. 25. SPREP. 2003. Report on the 2nd Pilot of SPREP Invasive Species Training Course in Vanuatu. 27. Ulloa Chacón, P. and Cherix, D. 1994. Perspectives on control of the little fire ant, (Wasmannia auropunctata), on the Galapagos Islands. In Williams, D. F. (ed.) Exotic ants: Biology, impact, and control of introduced species. Westview Press, Boulder, CO: 63-72. 28. Walker, K. 2006. Electric ant (Wasmannia auropunctata) Pest and Diseases Image Library. Updated on 9/09/2006 11:06:31 AM.
摘要： PaDIL (Pests and Diseases Image Library) is a Commonwealth Government initiative, developed and built by Museum Victoria's Online Publishing Team, with support provided by DAFF (Department of Agriculture, Fisheries and Forestry) and PHA (Plant Health Australia), a non-profit public company. Project partners also include Museum Victoria, the Western Australian Department of Agriculture and the Queensland University of Technology.
The aim of the project is: 1) Production of high quality images showing primarily exotic targeted organisms of plant health concern to Australia. 2) Assist with plant health diagnostics in all areas, from initial to high level. 3) Capacity building for diagnostics in plant health, including linkage developments between training and research organisations. 4) Create and use educational tools for training undergraduates/postgraduates. 5) Engender public awareness about plant health concerns in Australia.
PaDIL is available from : http://www.padil.gov.au/aboutOverview.aspx, this page is available from: http://www.padil.gov.au/viewPestDiagnosticImages.aspx?id=623 [Accessed 6 October 2006]
29. Waterhouse, D. F. 1997. The Major Invertebrate Pests and Weeds of Agriculture and Plantation Forestry in the Southern and Western Pacific. The Australian Centre for International Agriculture Research, Canberra.
摘要： Compiled tables of the distribution and importance of invertebrate pests. 結果頁： 1
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