Management Information
Physical: According to NRC (UNDATED), cultivated black currants (Ribes nigrum ), which are more susceptible to the rust, should be removed if growing within a 1.5 km distance from susceptible pine hosts. Pruning of lower branches and high stem density are also recommended for plantation forestry. In addition to the removal of currant and gooseberry plants near infected ornamental trees, it is also advisable to remove diseased branches. This should be done in the spring when the orange-yellow blisters make rust detection easy. Infected branches should be pruned 20 to 25cm below the diseased area. Although excision of existing cankers from stems may be unsuccessful since detection of infected tissue can be difficult, certain reccomendations can be made to improve success. For example, trunk cankers should be treated by removing all diseased bark and stripping off healthy bark 10 to 13cm wide around the canker. Trees that have been treated should be inspected yearly to detect additional infections that may have escaped treatment. The American Phytopathological Society (APS) offers on its website illustrated lessons to introduce the symptoms and signs, pathogen biology, disease cycle, epidemiology, disease management, and scientific, economic and social significance of major plant diseases. Please follow this link White Pine blister rust for details.
Location Specific Management InformationCanada
Deer protectors and mini-greenhouses were placed over western white pine (Pinus monticola) seedlings. The blister rust incidence was 31% for these seedlings compared to 64% for controls. Rust prevention using physical barriers warrants further testing (Hunt, 2002). Root disease areas have a higher potential for blister rust than non-root diseased areas. Ribes spp. and other berry plants appear to be in greater abundance in root disease areas. The author concludes that the presence of root disease should be used to rank an area for high hazard potential to blister rust (Hunt, 2000). United States (USA)
Over the past few decades, eastern white pine (Pinus strobes) which appear to tolerate white pine blister rust have been selected and incorporated into breeding programmes (Jurgens et al. 2003). Wisconsin (United States (USA))
In northern Wisconsin, it was found that the an increased incidence of blister rust was correlated with the following factors: increased latitude, higher topographic position, northern aspect, lower total tree density and absence of a hardwood overstory (Dahir and Carlson, 2001).
Management Resources/Links
1. Jurgens, Joel A, Blanchette, Robert A, Zambino, Paul J, David, Andrew. Histology of white pine blister rust in needles of resistant and susceptible eastern white pine. Plant Disease. 87(9). 2003. Department of Plant Pathology, University of Minnesota, 1991 Upper Buford Circle, 495 Borlaug Hall, Saint Paul, MN, 55108-6030, USA. 2. Maloy, O.C.. 2003. White pine blister rust. The Plant Health Instructor. DOI:10.1094/PHI-I-2003-0908-01
Summary: The American Phytopathological Society (APS) offers on its website illustrated lessons to introduce the symptoms and signs, pathogen biology, disease cycle, epidemiology, disease management, and scientific, economic and social significance of major plant diseases. The website will also offer basic information on the history, biology, survival, dissemination, host-parasite interactions, epidemiology and management of the major groups of plant pathogens. This section is in development.
APS Introductory Plant Pathology Resources is available from http://www.apsnet.org/education/IntroPlantPath/top.html. This page is available from: http://www.apsnet.org/education/LessonsPlantPath/WhitePine/default.htm [Accessed 25 October 2006] 3. McDonald, G. I., Richardson, B. A., Zambino, P. J., Klopfenstein, N. B. & Kim, M.-S., 2006. Pedicularis and Castilleja are natural hosts of Cronartium ribicola in North America: a first report Forest Pathology Vol. 36 Issue 2 Page 73 April 2006 Results Page: 1
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