issg Database: 管理與資訊相關鏈接Chromolaena odorata

Chromolaena odorata (草本植物)

生態分佈管理影響 參考資料 聯繫

         管理資訊

預防措施：使用澳洲風險評估系統瀕危風險評估，針對香澤蘭(Chromolaena odorata) 使用在太平洋地區，執行者：太平洋島嶼瀕危生態系統[PIER] 。(Pheloung, 1995)結果是 34 分，建議如下：拒絕此植物進口(澳洲)或者此植物可能是高風險的(太平洋)。

使用一個修正的氣候模型(Kriticos et al.2005)預測 C. odorata的潛在分佈，預測結果為，內陸、半乾燥與溫帶氣候，不適合它建立族群。熱帶非洲的大部分地區，澳洲的東北方海岸與大多數太平洋的島處於入侵風險。在南非， C. odorata的分佈比預測更南方，預測模型依據亞洲和美國的分佈紀錄，此結果支持南非變種 C. odorata有不同的氣候上的需求(EPPO 2005)。

物理方法：人工砍筏與使用灌木剷除機或拖拉機是普遍被使用的控制方法。砍筏會引起再生，除非配合其他控制方法。除草是勞力密集的。使用拖拉機，僅限於可接近的區域(Ecoport).

化學方法：除草劑的化學的控制，使用在幼苗或者再生階段，成效良好。氯草定農藥已經證明是最有效的。然而, 除草劑使用的問題包括化學藥品昂貴的費用與他們的應用、生態的考慮，而且在許多農作其他環境下無法使用(Ecoport)。除去種子與頭狀花而且以2,4 D 的胺加上 Picloram(在澳洲的 Tordon)噴灑殺頂尖的生長與(picloram 殺根系被推薦.(竿 Randall ， pers. comm.2000)

生物方法：生物控制劑 Pareuchaetes pseudoinsulata已經被引入關島，在那裡它有效地減少純林。在分散的植物與小區域，它是比較不成功的。它也已經被引入帛琉、科斯瑞、波納佩島、雅普島與塞班島島(水手島)在那裡它已經在減少 方面有效的 C. odorata. 它也被釋放在印尼的蘇門答臘, 在那裡它是有效的，在減少雜草的密度方面。釋放到印尼的其他地方，似乎失敗。
其他種，stem gall蠅 Cecidochares connexa(本來採集自 C. odorata在墨西哥巴西與玻利維亞 Cruttwell 1974)是 C. odorata的一個適當的生物控制劑。tephritid 種類 CecidocharesBezzi 的大多數形成膽囊物種是高度地主人特性, 有時只有攻擊一個植物物種.(Foote et al.1993, 在 Cruttwell McFadyen Chenon 與 Sipayung 2003)以主人 的嘗試 C. connexa的結果為依據為田地釋放被允許印尼政府津貼在大部分的較大的印尼島上在 1995 年與現在被建立.(Tijitrosemito 2002 、威爾遜與 Widayanto 2002, 在 Cruttwell McFadyen Chenon 與 Sipayung 2003) 從那時起，它已經在帛琉、 Papau 新幾內亞與菲律賓被釋放。(Esguerra 2002, Orapa et al.2002, 在 Cruttwell McFadyen Chenon 與 Sipayung 2003; Muniappan 博士， pers. comm.)在釋放 3-5 年後，就可以在許多地方記錄到植物的枯萎與死亡，尤其在海拔低而且乾季短的地方(少於 300 公尺)(Cruttwell McFadyen Chenon 與 Sipayung 2003). 在海拔較高(超過 600 公尺)，或者多雲的情況、氣溫冷或者乾季長的地方，蒼蠅的數目與活動受限，控制效果較慢、比較不適當(Cruttwell McFadyen Chenon 與 Sipayung 2003)。

         管理資源 /鏈接

1. Amundsen E., 2002. Chromolaena odorata: Biocontrol in the Tropics.
        摘要： Proceedings of 4 International Workshops on Biological Control and Management of C. odorata.
Available from: http://www.cpitt.uq.edu.au/chromolaena/siamhome.html [Accessed 4 July 2003].
2. Binggeli, Pierre. 1997. Chromolaena odorata. Woody Plant Ecology.
        摘要： Available from: http://members.lycos.co.uk/WoodyPlantEcology/docs/web-sp4.htm [Accessed 4 July 2003].
3. European and Mediterranean Plant Protection Organization (EPPO), 2005. Reporting Service 2005, No. 9.
        摘要： The EPPO Reporting Service is a monthly information report on events of phytosanitary concern. It focuses on new geographical records, new host plants, new pests (including invasive alien plants), pests to be added to the EPPO Alert List, detection and identification methods etc. The EPPO Reporting Service is published in English and French.
Available from: http://archives.eppo.org/EPPOReporting/2005/Rse-0509.pdf [Accessed 28 November 2005]
4. European and Mediterranean Plant Protection Organization (EPPO), 2006. Guidelines for the management of invasive alien plants or potentially invasive alien plants which are intended for import or have been intentionally imported. EPPO Bulletin 36 (3), 417-418.
5. Kriticos D. J, Yonow T & McFadyen R. E., 2005. The potential distribution of Chromolaena odorata (Siam weed) in relation to climate. Weed Research 45, 246254.
6. Land Protection, 2001. The State of Queensland (Department of Natural Resources and Mines).
7. Mack, R. N and W. M. Lonsdale., 2002. Eradicating invasive plants: Hard-won lessons for islands. In Turning the tide: the eradication of invasive species: 311-318. Veitch, C.R. and Clout, M.N.(eds). IUCN SSC Invasive Species Specialist Group. IUCN. Gland. Switzerland and Cambridge. UK.
        摘要： Uses Clidemia hirta in Hawaii as an eradication case study. Clidemia is in the Melastomataceae and somewhat similar ecologically to miconia.
Eradication case study in Turning the tide: the eradication of invasive species.
8. Muniappan, R and Bamba, J. 81 Biological Control of Chromolaena odorata: Successes and Failures. Agricultural Experiment Station - University of Guam, Mangilao, Guam 96923, U.S.A. Proceedings of the X International Symposium on Biological Control of Weeds 4-14 July 1999, Montana State University, Bozeman, Montana, USA Neal R. Spencer [ed.]. pp. 81-85 (2000).
        摘要： Paper on the Biological control of Chromolaena odorata.
9. PIER (Pacific Island Ecosystems at Risk), 2003. Chromolaena odorata
        摘要： Ecology, synonyms, common names, distributions (Pacific as well as global), management and impact information.
Available from:http://www.hear.org/pier/species/chromolaena_odorata.htm [Accessed 4 July 2003].
10. Swaziland's Alien Plants Database., Undated. Chromolaena odorata
        摘要： A database of Swaziland's alien plant species.
11. Vanderwoude, C., Scanlan , J.C., Davis , B., Funkhouser, S. 2005. Plan for National Delimiting Survey for Siam weed. Natural Resources and Mines Land Protection Services: Queensland Government.
12. Wilson, Colin, Wildlife Management Officer, Department of Infrastructure, Planning and Environment, Parks & Wildlife Service, Northern Territory, Australia.
        摘要： Compilor of original GISD profile of Chromoleana odorata.
         結果頁： 1

The Global Invasive Species Database is managed by the Invasive Species Specialist Group (ISSG) of the IUCN Species Survival Commission. It was developed as part of the global initiative on invasive species led by the Global Invasive Species Programme (GISP) and is supported through partnerships with the National Biological Information Infrastructure, Manaaki Whenua-Landcare Research and the University of Auckland. Conditions of use.