管理信息
预防措施：蒲苇(Cortaderia selloana)的风险评估，由澳大利亚太平洋岛屿生态系统风险计划执行(PIER)，使用澳大利亚风险评估标准(Pheloung, 1995)。其结果是24分，建议如下：应禁止进口此植物(澳大利亚)或此植物可能是有害的(太平洋)。物理方法：幼苗和小植株可以用手拔除或挖除，特别是在松软的灰土。在熔岩土和混合土，较难拔除或挖除。较大的植株可以使用重型机械去除。应当注意去除任何种子或开花的茎，这些应妥善包装起来，弃置或带离现场。人工拔除的工作人员应注意保护自己，因为它尖锐锯齿状树叶会割伤皮肤(斯塔尔等人, 2003)。还应注意必须移除所有的根茎，以免重新发芽。 化学方法：无法使用机械清除时，可采用化学控制方法。叶面施用综合溶液(4% 溶液)或专业综合溶液(2% 溶液)(任何草甘膦产品)可有效地控制芒草(斯塔尔等人, 2003)。应把植物喷到湿透，以不流出水为原则。在野外，有人使用直升机空中喷洒。喷洒后把植株留在原地能减少干扰，并可能有助于降低该地区幼苗发芽。梅伊等人,建议先经由砍筏或燃烧移除树叶，然后使用除草剂处理再生的植株。   
地点特有的管理信息New Zealand
Several control options are being used in New Zealand. Comprehensive information is available in the Department of Conservation Publication Review of control methods for pampas grasses in New Zealand .
Physical removal includes pulling out seedlings, hand grubbing, digging and the use of earth moving machinery (this can cause damage to surrounding vegetation). Hand removal is useful on sites where there is light infestations and where access is limited. This method can be labour intensive.
Grazing has been used in plantation forests and is found useful in early stages of infestations and has to include several grazings per year. The limitations are access to sites. Oversowing with pastrure species has also been used in cleared plantation areas or areas of site preparation.
Glysophate and monocot-specific herebicides have been found useful, where herbicide treatment is used. Velpar (hexazinone) granules have been used in plantation forests and isolated areas.
Aerial gun sparying and aerial spot spraying by helicopter have been used on difficult to reach sites. A Department of Conservation Publication Aerial spraying of pampas on difficult conservation sites. studies the relative efficiency of three devices used for spraying herbicides from a helicopter for the control of pampas on difficult to reach sites like coastal cliffs, swamps and dunes. Abseiling to reach sites with no access, has also been employed.
Feasibility studies of the biocontrol prospects of pampas are ongoing. Poor Knights Islands
Control of Cortaderia spp. began in 1991, focussing on three obvious infestations on the coastline. It involved one trip per year by volunteers. In 1996, a Weed Eradication Strategy was developed. The islands were split into three management zones: weed sites, weed free sites prone to invasion, and weed free sites not prone to invasion. Existing weed sites occurred in areas of disturbance associated with exposed coastal faces, shrubland and broadleaf forest. An aerial search was conducted in early summer, and sweep searches were conducted over the weed sites during spring, when flowering is commencing. Any plants found were removed from the island. There has been a dramatic decline in numbers. A four year seedling absence will be required before sites can be declared weed-free. Reinvasion remains a threat, both by wind dispersal, and by the spread of seeds by management staff.
Both species of Cortaderia have been removed from the Poor Knights but eradication has never been achieved. A zero density adult population is being sustained . All plants were thought to have been removed in 2001/02 but further plants have since been found, some of which had set seed. Reinvasion from the mainland is suspected to be occurring. Sporadically over the last 4years individual plants have continued to appear in areas of the islands where there have not been adult pampas grass recorded. Plants have also occurred in old weed sites as recently as last year - potentially either old seed in the soil or seed rain shadow as well (Glen Coulston., pers.comm., February 2006). Rangitoto Is. (North Island)
In 1995, a weed control programme was initiated on Rangitoto Island, with 72 weed species identified. These were split into three priority classes, each with a management objective. The long term aim for this species is sustained control. Raoul Is. (Kermadec Islands)
This species is subject to an eradication programme on Raoul Island, and is ranked Category A(i) - known to have the potential to significantly alter the vegetation of Raoul Island. Eradication commenced in 1984. Raoul Island has been divided into 13 weeding blocks for the purpose of controlling and eradicating alien plants since 1972, which make up 64% of the vascular plant flora on Raoul Island. These are divided into active plots which are searched at least twice a year, and null plots which are searched at least once every two years. Grid searching is used to examine the areas with easier access, while steep cliffs are searched using binoculars or a telescope. This is carried out when plants such as Caesalpinia decapetala are in flower (June-November). Aerial surveillance is carried out periodically which has been useful in identifying flowering trees such as Senna septemtrionalis, mature vines of Passiflora edulis or trees of Olea europaea ssp. cuspidata. The initial knockdown phase involved for most species the cutting of mature individuals and painting of stumps with herbicides, or scattering herbicide granules around them. Blanket spraying was used to treat dense, inaccessible infestations. Subsequent searches involve the removal of any seedlings or young plants found. If a mature plant is found, the fruit is removed for burning, the stem is cut and herbicide applied. Information regarding the eradication programme is stored on an Access database. The importation of alien plants to Raoul Island is prohibited. Raoul Is. (Kermadec Islands)
Pampas plants growing on the retaining wall were pulled out, and adults found growing in subsequent years were also removed. Taranaki Region (North Island)
C. jubata is classified as a 'Containment pest plant' in the The Pest Management Strategy for Taranaki. 'Containment pest plants' are pest plants that are abundant in suitable habitats in a region or part of a region and for which the long-term goal is to prevent the spread of the plant to new areas or to neighbouring properties.
Each pest plant has a management programme according to its designation. These programmes are summarised in the series of bulletins 'Pest Plant Facts'. Please see purple pampas: C. jubata for pest plant facts and management programmes.
管理资源 /链接
1. AME, 2004 Agence Méditerranéenne de l'Environnement. Plantes Envahissantes de la Region Mediterraneenne. Cortaderia selloana 2. Collins, J.N, May M, Grosso C. 2003. Pampas grass Cortaderia jubata, Cortaderia selloana. Practical Guidebook to the Control of Invasive Aquatic and Wetland Plants of the San Francisco Bay - Delta Region.
摘要： Information on description, economic importance, distribution, habitat, history, growth, and impacts and management of species.
Available from:
http://legacy.sfei.org/nis/pampasgrass.html [Accessed 22 May 2010].
The Guidebook is available from: http://legacy.sfei.org/nis/index.html 3. Environment Waikato. 2002. Pampas (Cortaderia jubata, C. selloana, including cultivars) 7. Lambrinos, J. G. 2001. The expansion history of a sexual and asexual species of Cortaderia in California, USA. Journal of Ecology 89: 88-89.
摘要： A historical research paper that tracks the evolution and expanding distribution of species. Also provides some management suggestions and distribution information. 8. National Pest Plant Accord, 2001. Biosecurity New Zealand.
摘要： The National Pest Plant Accord is a cooperative agreement between regional councils and government departments with biosecurity responsibilities. Under the accord, regional councils will undertake surveillance to prevent the commercial sale and/or distribution of an agreed list of pest plants.
Available from: http://www.biosecurity.govt.nz/pests-diseases/plants/accord.htm [Accessed 11 August 2005] 9. New Zealand Plant Conservation Network, 2005. Unwanted Organisms. Factsheet Cortaderia selloana 11. Plants For A Future, 2000. Cortaderia selloana
摘要： A searchable database and resource and information centre for edible and other useful plants.
Available from: http://www.ibiblio.org/pfaf/cgi-bin/arr_html?Cortaderia+selloana [Accessed 02 December 2003]. 13. Starr, F., K. Starr, & L. Loope. 2003. Cortaderia spp.. United States Geological Survey: Biological Resources Division, Haleakala Field Station, Maui, Hawai'i.
摘要： Information on description, economic importance, distribution, habitat, history, growth, and impacts and management of species.
Available from: http://www.hear.org/pier/pdf/pohreports/cortaderia_spp.pdf [Accessed 02 December 2003]. 14. Swaziland's Alien Plants Database., Undated. Cortaderia selloana
摘要： A database of Swaziland's alien plant species. 15. Taranaki Regional Council. 2003. Common pampas/Purple pampas (Cortaderia sellona / Cortaderia jubata). The Pest Plant Management Section. 结果页： 1
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