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Coccinia grandis (vine, climber)  |
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Management Information
Preventative measures: A Risk Assessment of
Coccinia grandis for Hawai‘i and other Pacific islands was prepared by Dr. Curtis Daehler (UH Botany) with funding from the Kaulunani Urban Forestry Program and US Forest Service. The alien plant screening system is derived from Pheloung et al. (1999) with minor modifications for use in Pacific islands (Daehler et al. 2004. The result is a score of 21 and a recommendation of: "Likely to cause significant ecological or economic harm in Hawai‘i and on other Pacific Islands as determined by a high WRA score, which is based on published sources describing species biology and behaviour in Hawai‘i and/or other parts of the world."
A Risk assessment of Coccinia grandis for Australia was prepared by Pacific Island Ecosystems at Risk (PIER) using the Australian risk assessment system (Pheloung, 1995). The result is a score of 9 and a recommendation of: reject the plant for import (Australia) or species likely to be a pest (Pacific).Physical: Cutting has little effect (PIER, 2003).
Chemical: A single application of herbicide (Garlon®) may be insufficient to prevent regrowth. Roundup® is only effective against young plants. Because of its climbing habit, use of foliar herbicides is difficult without causing damage to the underlying vegetation. "Susceptible to basal bark applications of 2,4-D or triclopyr, however finding basal stems difficult in dense stands. Foliar applications of 2,4-D, glyphosate or metsulfuron ineffective; triclopyr and dicamba, each at 1 lb/acre provided excellent knockdown of foliage. This suggests knockdown of foliage followed by basal stem treatments when the plants begin to re-sprout may be successful. Seeds do not exhibit dormancy so ivy gourd may be eradicable from a defined area." (PIER, 2003). Biological: "To control this weed, three natural enemies, Melittia oedipus Oberthur (Sesiidae), Acythopeus cocciniae O’Brien (Curculionidae) and Acythopeus burkhartorum O’Brien (Curculionidae) were introduced to the Hawai‘ian Islands from East Africa. These natural enemies are being cultured at the Quarantine Laboratory in Guam" (PIER, 2003). In Hawai‘i two species of weevils have recently been released for biological control (Thomas, 1998).Some regions, including Hawai‘i, are experimenting with biological control of A.coccinia primarily using Acythopeus burkhartorum and A. cocciniae, two nonindigenous weevils, to control infestations of Coccinia grandis or ivy gourd, (Thomas, 1998). A decade of lower rainfall in Hawai‘i has not provided ideal conditions for the proliferation of ivy gourd so the true impact of the biocontrol agents is difficult to assess (Kenneth K. Teramoto, pers. comm, 2003).
Location Specific Management InformationHawaii (United States (USA))
On the State of Hawaii noxious weed list. Oahu Is. (United States (USA))
On the State of Hawaii noxious weed list. Rota Is. (Northern Mariana Islands)
Management options recommended include: cutting the vines at waist level, and making sure that all vines have been cut; pulling up and burning as many of the roots as possible and pulling down and burning as many of the vines as possible. It is also recommended to return to the site once a month to spray Roundup (glyphosate) on the new vines growing back from the roots (NMC Crees, 1997). Saipan Is. (Northern Mariana Islands)
Management options recommended include: cutting the vines at waist level, and making sure that all vines have been cut; pulling up and burning as many of the roots as possible and pulling down and burning as many of the vines as possible. It is also recommended to return to the site once a month to spray Roundup (glyphosate) on the new vines growing back from the roots (NMC Crees, 1997). Tinian Is. (Northern Mariana Islands)
Management options recommended include: cutting the vines at waist level, and making sure that all vines have been cut; pulling up and burning as many of the roots as possible and pulling down and burning as many of the vines as possible. It is also recommended to return to the site once a month to spray Roundup (glyphosate) on the new vines growing back from the roots (NMC Crees, 1997). West Maui (United States (USA))
On the State of Hawaii noxious weed list.
Management Resources/Links
1. Daehler, C.C; Denslow, J.S; Ansari, S and Huang-Chi, K., 2004. A Risk-Assessment System for Screening Out Invasive Pest Plants from Hawaii and Other Pacific Islands. Conservation Biology Volume 18 Issue 2 Page 360.
Summary: A study on the use of a screening system to assess proposed plant introductions to Hawaii or other Pacific Islands and to identify high-risk species used in horticulture and forestry which would greatly reduce future pest-plant problems and allow entry of most nonpests. Results Page: 1
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