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Pittosporum undulatum (tree, shrub) |
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Management Information
Preventative measures: A Risk Assessment of
Pittosporum undulatum for Hawai‘i and other Pacific islands was prepared by Dr. Curtis Daehler (UH Botany) with funding from the Kaulunani Urban Forestry Program and US Forest Service. The alien plant screening system is derived from Pheloung et al. (1999) with minor modifications for use in Pacific islands (Daehler et al. 2004. The result is a score of 9 and a recommendation of: "Likely to cause significant ecological or economic harm in Hawai‘i and on other Pacific Islands as determined by a high WRA score, which is based on published sources describing species biology and behaviour in Hawai‘i and/or other parts of the world."
Physical: Research on management options for P. undulatum has been undertaken in Jamaica, where it is a serious problem. Uprooting seedlings by hand is successful, but they must be disposed of properly, as they will reshoot if left lying on the ground. Bark stripping is effective in preventing sprouts, but only if all bark, from 0.3m down to soil level, is removed.
Chemical: In South Africa a mixture of 2,4,5-T and diesel has proved effective when applied to stumps cut above ground level. Applying concentrated Roundup® (glyphosate) to cut stumps has also worked in Australia, as has injecting glyphosate into holes drilled in plant stems. Glyphosate is recommended as a herbicide because of its effectiveness and low risk to human and environmental health.
When managing P. Undulatum in heavily infested areas consideration must be given to the effects of its removal. The eradication of a large number of trees may facilitate an invasion by undesirable non-woody plant species that thrive in disturbed areas (Goodland and Healey, 1997a).
Location Specific Management InformationCuba (Greater Antilles)
Considered an environmental weed. Hawaii (United States (USA))
Listed as noxious. Jamaica (Greater Antilles)
The spread of P. undulatum may threaten the survival of many of the 275 endemic flowering plant species. Research is being conducted into both chemical and non-chemical methods of control. New South Wales (Australia)
Classed as a weed that must be controlled and destroyed on both public and private land. There is controversy over whether this approach is justifiable, considering that this species is native to NSW and its spread is because of human modification to the environment. Saint Helena
A joint South African/Australian project will be proposing biological control methods for this location. South Africa
Has been affected by severe die-back caused by an unidentified disease. Tasmania (Australia)
Considered an environmental weed. Volcano National Park (United States (USA))
One of 41 alien plant species targeted for control. The control programme may have eliminated P. undulatum from the park. Western Australia (Australia)
Currently unassessed. Since it is declared a noxious weed in NSW, it is currently prohibited in Western Australia until a risk assessment is carried out.
Management Resources/Links
1. Bushcare, 2003. Sweet Pittosporum.
Summary: A short document with a small amount of management information. Relates to control of P. undulatum in Tasmania, Australia.
Available from: http://www.bushcare.tas.gov.au/ToAdd/Data/weeds/Sweet%20pittosporum.pdf [accessed on 7 July, 2003]. 2. Daehler, C.C; Denslow, J.S; Ansari, S and Huang-Chi, K., 2004. A Risk-Assessment System for Screening Out Invasive Pest Plants from Hawaii and Other Pacific Islands. Conservation Biology Volume 18 Issue 2 Page 360.
Summary: A study on the use of a screening system to assess proposed plant introductions to Hawaii or other Pacific Islands and to identify high-risk species used in horticulture and forestry which would greatly reduce future pest-plant problems and allow entry of most nonpests. Results Page: 1
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