issg Database: 管理與資訊相關鏈接Hydrilla verticillata

Hydrilla verticillata (水生植物)

生態分佈管理影響 參考資料 聯繫

         管理資訊

預防措施：水王孫(Hydrilla verticillata)被列入美國聯邦有害雜草名單中，但水族館供應仍繼續經由網際網路銷售。在紐西蘭它已被列為國家禁止植物名錄的物種之一。水王孫(Hydrilla verticillata)風險評估，由澳大利亞太平洋島嶼生態系統風險計畫執行(PIER)，使用澳大利亞風險評估標準(Pheloung, 1995)。其結果是20分，建議如下：應禁止進口此植物(澳大利亞)或此植物可能是有害的(太平洋)。
物理方法：在部分湖泊災區或者附近有未受污染的水體，不建議使用機動船割除，因為這會切碎植物而助長幼苗碎片傳播(丹羽2003)。在池塘和小湖，把水抽乾曝露和殺死植物，被認為有效。已經有在公眾開放的地方使用雜草墊來控制蔓延，使用告示牌，提高公眾的認識也是一種控制方法(丹羽2003)。
化學方法：除水草劑能暫時有效控制雜草，但不能殺死塊莖，芽(越冬結構，春天會分離發芽)，和種子。一些曾被使用的除草劑，包括氟草酮和茵多殺(鉀鹽)。
生物方法：生物控制包括中國草魚(草魚)，吃塊莖的象鼻蟲，和吃葉片的蒼蠅。中國草魚已發現有效的，但這些魚是廣食性，所以應該小心使用，以免破壞當地水生植被。吃塊莖的象鼻蟲和食葉蒼蠅仍在評估其有效性。吃塊莖的象鼻蟲(Bagous affinis)只攻擊水面上的塊莖。食葉蒼蠅如Hydrellia pakistanae，的幼蟲會吃雜草。(丹羽2003)。
綜合管理：綜合魚類，機械和人工的方法來消除，是目前已知成功率最高的方法。

         管理資源 /鏈接

1. CAIP (Center for Aquatic and Invasive Plants), 2001. University of Florida and Sea Grant. Hydrilla verticillata (L. f.) Royle
        摘要： Report on habitat, description, origin, distribution, effects of introduction, and control measures.
2. Champion, P. Clayton, J. and Rowe, D. 2002. Alien Invaders Lake Managers’ Handbook. Ministry for the Environment.
        摘要： Available from: http://www.mfe.govt.nz/publications/water/lm-alien-invaders-jun02.pdf [Accessed 3 February 2005]
3. Champion, P.D.; Clayton, J.S. 2000. Border control for potential aquatic weeds. Stage 1. Weed risk model. Science for Conservation 141. .
        摘要： This report is the first stage in a three-stage development of a Border Control Programme for aquatic plants that have the potential to become ecological weeds in New Zealand.
Available from: http://www.doc.govt.nz/upload/documents/science-and-technical/sfc141.pdf [Accessed 13 June 2007]
4. Champion, P.D.; Clayton, J.S. 2001. Border control for potential aquatic weeds. Stage 2. Weed risk assessment. Science for Conservation 185. 30 p.
        摘要： This report is the second stage in the development of a Border Control Programme for aquatic plants that have the potential to become ecological weeds in New Zealand. Importers and traders in aquatic plants were surveyed to identify the plant species known or likely to be present in New Zealand. The Aquatic Plant Weed Risk Assessment Model was used to help assess the level of risk posed by these species. The report presents evidence of the various entry pathways and considers the impact that new invasive aquatic weed species may have on vulnerable native aquatic species and communities.
Available from: http://www.doc.govt.nz/upload/documents/science-and-technical/SFC185.pdf [Accessed 13 June 2007]
5. Collins, J.N, May M, Grosso C. 2003. Hydrilla Hydrilla verticillata. Practical Guidebook to the Control of Invasive Aquatic and Wetland Plants of the San Francisco Bay - Delta Region.
        摘要： Information on description, economic importance, distribution, habitat, history, growth, and impacts and management of species.
Available from: http://legacy.sfei.org/nis/hydrilla.html [Accessed 22 May 2010].
The Guidebook is available from: http://legacy.sfei.org/nis/index.html
6. Effects of Grass Carp on the Aquatic Vegetation in Lake Conway, Florida Leslie J Andrew., et al. Florida Department of Environmental Protection (March 1994)
7. Gee II, David E., pers. comm. 2006. Wildlife Biologist, Guam Division of Aquatic & Wildlife Resources and Guam team member of the Pacific Invasives Learning Network (PILN).
8. Mack, R. N and W. M. Lonsdale., 2002. Eradicating invasive plants: Hard-won lessons for islands. In Turning the tide: the eradication of invasive species: 311-318. Veitch, C.R. and Clout, M.N.(eds). IUCN SSC Invasive Species Specialist Group. IUCN. Gland. Switzerland and Cambridge. UK.
        摘要： Uses Clidemia hirta in Hawaii as an eradication case study. Clidemia is in the Melastomataceae and somewhat similar ecologically to miconia.
Eradication case study in Turning the tide: the eradication of invasive species.
9. National Pest Plant Accord, 2001. Biosecurity New Zealand.
        摘要： The National Pest Plant Accord is a cooperative agreement between regional councils and government departments with biosecurity responsibilities. Under the accord, regional councils will undertake surveillance to prevent the commercial sale and/or distribution of an agreed list of pest plants.
Available from: http://www.biosecurity.govt.nz/pests-diseases/plants/accord.htm [Accessed 11 August 2005]
10. New Zealand Plant Conservation Network, 2005. Unwanted Organisms. Factsheet Hydrilla verticillata
11. NIWA, 2003. National Institute of Water & Atmospheric Research, New Zealand.
        摘要： Available from: www.niwa.cri.nz [accessed 24 September 2003].
12. Rejmanek and Pitcairn, 2002. When is eradication of exotic pest plants a realistic goal? In Turning the tide: the eradication of invasive species: 249-253. Veitch, C.R. and Clout, M.N.(eds). IUCN SSC Invasive Species Specialist Group. IUCN. Gland. Switzerland and Cambridge. UK.
        摘要： Eradication case study in Turning the tide: the eradication of invasive species.
13. Royal New Zealand Institute of Horticulture (RNZIH), 2005. Hydrilla Hydrilla verticillata
        摘要： Available from: http://www.rnzih.org.nz/pages/nppa_049.pdf [Accessed 1 October 2005]
14. The Western Aquatic Plant Management Society Hydrilla verticillata. (January 2002)
        摘要： Report on description, biology, effects of introduction, and efficiency of different control measures.
15. United States Department of Agriculture, Cooperative Agriculture Pest Survey. 2002. "Hydrilla"
        摘要： Brief report on distribution, effects of invasion, and description. Also mentioned biological control agents and threats to Lake Georgia.
         結果頁： 1

The Global Invasive Species Database is managed by the Invasive Species Specialist Group (ISSG) of the IUCN Species Survival Commission. It was developed as part of the global initiative on invasive species led by the Global Invasive Species Programme (GISP) and is supported through partnerships with the National Biological Information Infrastructure, Manaaki Whenua-Landcare Research and the University of Auckland. Conditions of use.