issg Database: 管理与信息相关链接Hydrilla verticillata

Hydrilla verticillata (水生植物)

生态分布管理影响 参考数据 联系

         管理信息

预防措施：水王孙(Hydrilla verticillata)被列入美国联邦有害杂草名单中，但水族馆供应仍继续经由因特网销售。在纽西兰它已被列为国家禁止植物名录的物种之一。水王孙(Hydrilla verticillata)风险评估，由澳大利亚太平洋岛屿生态系统风险计划执行(PIER)，使用澳大利亚风险评估标准(Pheloung, 1995)。其结果是20分，建议如下：应禁止进口此植物(澳大利亚)或此植物可能是有害的(太平洋)。
物理方法：在部分湖泊灾区或者附近有未受污染的水体，不建议使用机动船割除，因为这会切碎植物而助长幼苗碎片传播(丹羽2003)。在池塘和小湖，把水抽干曝露和杀死植物，被认为有效。已经有在公众开放的地方使用杂草垫来控制蔓延，使用告示牌，提高公众的认识也是一种控制方法(丹羽2003)。
化学方法：除水草剂能暂时有效控制杂草，但不能杀死块茎，芽(越冬结构，春天会分离发芽)，和种子。一些曾被使用的除草剂，包括氟草酮和茵多杀(钾盐)。
生物方法：生物控制包括中国草鱼(草鱼)，吃块茎的象鼻虫，和吃叶片的苍蝇。中国草鱼已发现有效的，但这些鱼是广食性，所以应该小心使用，以免破坏当地水生植被。吃块茎的象鼻虫和食叶苍蝇仍在评估其有效性。吃块茎的象鼻虫(Bagous affinis)只攻击水面上的块茎。食叶苍蝇如Hydrellia pakistanae，的幼虫会吃杂草。(丹羽2003)。
综合管理：综合鱼类，机械和人工的方法来消除，是目前已知成功率最高的方法。

         地点特有的管理信息
Auckland Region (North Island)
H. verticillata has been designated as a Surveillance Pest by the Auckland Regional Pest Management Pest Management Strategy 2002-2007. Please see Hierarchy of Plant Designations for an explanation of designation terminology.
Australia
A biological control programme for Hydrilla verticillata was undertaken simultaneously with programmes for the other aquatic invaders Eichhornia crassipes, Pistia stratiodes and Salvinia molesta, to avoid the increase of other invasive species as one was controlled.
Southern Florida
Hydrilla verticillata has been controlled in canals with a combination of herbicides and grass carp (Ctenopharyngodon idella). However, its decline has coincided with the increase of the equally invasive Hygrophila polysperma.

         管理资源 /链接

1. CAIP (Center for Aquatic and Invasive Plants), 2001. University of Florida and Sea Grant. Hydrilla verticillata (L. f.) Royle
        摘要： Report on habitat, description, origin, distribution, effects of introduction, and control measures.
2. Champion, P. Clayton, J. and Rowe, D. 2002. Alien Invaders Lake Managers’ Handbook. Ministry for the Environment.
        摘要： Available from: http://www.mfe.govt.nz/publications/water/lm-alien-invaders-jun02.pdf [Accessed 3 February 2005]
3. Champion, P.D.; Clayton, J.S. 2000. Border control for potential aquatic weeds. Stage 1. Weed risk model. Science for Conservation 141. .
        摘要： This report is the first stage in a three-stage development of a Border Control Programme for aquatic plants that have the potential to become ecological weeds in New Zealand.
Available from: http://www.doc.govt.nz/upload/documents/science-and-technical/sfc141.pdf [Accessed 13 June 2007]
4. Champion, P.D.; Clayton, J.S. 2001. Border control for potential aquatic weeds. Stage 2. Weed risk assessment. Science for Conservation 185. 30 p.
        摘要： This report is the second stage in the development of a Border Control Programme for aquatic plants that have the potential to become ecological weeds in New Zealand. Importers and traders in aquatic plants were surveyed to identify the plant species known or likely to be present in New Zealand. The Aquatic Plant Weed Risk Assessment Model was used to help assess the level of risk posed by these species. The report presents evidence of the various entry pathways and considers the impact that new invasive aquatic weed species may have on vulnerable native aquatic species and communities.
Available from: http://www.doc.govt.nz/upload/documents/science-and-technical/SFC185.pdf [Accessed 13 June 2007]
5. Collins, J.N, May M, Grosso C. 2003. Hydrilla Hydrilla verticillata. Practical Guidebook to the Control of Invasive Aquatic and Wetland Plants of the San Francisco Bay - Delta Region.
        摘要： Information on description, economic importance, distribution, habitat, history, growth, and impacts and management of species.
Available from: http://legacy.sfei.org/nis/hydrilla.html [Accessed 22 May 2010].
The Guidebook is available from: http://legacy.sfei.org/nis/index.html
6. Effects of Grass Carp on the Aquatic Vegetation in Lake Conway, Florida Leslie J Andrew., et al. Florida Department of Environmental Protection (March 1994)
7. Gee II, David E., pers. comm. 2006. Wildlife Biologist, Guam Division of Aquatic & Wildlife Resources and Guam team member of the Pacific Invasives Learning Network (PILN).
8. Mack, R. N and W. M. Lonsdale., 2002. Eradicating invasive plants: Hard-won lessons for islands. In Turning the tide: the eradication of invasive species: 311-318. Veitch, C.R. and Clout, M.N.(eds). IUCN SSC Invasive Species Specialist Group. IUCN. Gland. Switzerland and Cambridge. UK.
        摘要： Uses Clidemia hirta in Hawaii as an eradication case study. Clidemia is in the Melastomataceae and somewhat similar ecologically to miconia.
Eradication case study in Turning the tide: the eradication of invasive species.
9. National Pest Plant Accord, 2001. Biosecurity New Zealand.
        摘要： The National Pest Plant Accord is a cooperative agreement between regional councils and government departments with biosecurity responsibilities. Under the accord, regional councils will undertake surveillance to prevent the commercial sale and/or distribution of an agreed list of pest plants.
Available from: http://www.biosecurity.govt.nz/pests-diseases/plants/accord.htm [Accessed 11 August 2005]
10. New Zealand Plant Conservation Network, 2005. Unwanted Organisms. Factsheet Hydrilla verticillata
11. NIWA, 2003. National Institute of Water & Atmospheric Research, New Zealand.
        摘要： Available from: www.niwa.cri.nz [accessed 24 September 2003].
12. Rejmanek and Pitcairn, 2002. When is eradication of exotic pest plants a realistic goal? In Turning the tide: the eradication of invasive species: 249-253. Veitch, C.R. and Clout, M.N.(eds). IUCN SSC Invasive Species Specialist Group. IUCN. Gland. Switzerland and Cambridge. UK.
        摘要： Eradication case study in Turning the tide: the eradication of invasive species.
13. Royal New Zealand Institute of Horticulture (RNZIH), 2005. Hydrilla Hydrilla verticillata
        摘要： Available from: http://www.rnzih.org.nz/pages/nppa_049.pdf [Accessed 1 October 2005]
14. The Western Aquatic Plant Management Society Hydrilla verticillata. (January 2002)
        摘要： Report on description, biology, effects of introduction, and efficiency of different control measures.
15. United States Department of Agriculture, Cooperative Agriculture Pest Survey. 2002. "Hydrilla"
        摘要： Brief report on distribution, effects of invasion, and description. Also mentioned biological control agents and threats to Lake Georgia.
         结果页： 1

The Global Invasive Species Database is managed by the Invasive Species Specialist Group (ISSG) of the IUCN Species Survival Commission. It was developed as part of the global initiative on invasive species led by the Global Invasive Species Programme (GISP) and is supported through partnerships with the National Biological Information Infrastructure, Manaaki Whenua-Landcare Research and the University of Auckland. Conditions of use.