issg Database: 管理与信息相关链接Ligustrum sinense

Ligustrum sinense (乔木, 灌木)

生态分布管理影响 参考数据 联系

         管理信息

雌性贞属密度高的地方，很可能是恢复力最低的地方，纵然恢复，种子仍然很可能继续侵入恢复区。如果在早期侵入阶段，成功管理的可能性很大。
人工和机械，环境 /文化和化学方法都在不同程度上有助于控制雌性贞属。
化学，物理，生物控制方法，预防措施的详细数据，请参阅管理信息。

         地点特有的管理信息
Alabama
In Alabama, annual burning was effective in controlling L. sinense. Furthermore, cutting is also effective if done when conditions are dry (Carlen Emanuel, in Batcher, 2000).
Arkansas
In Arkansas, burning only top-kills L. sinense, but will eventually eliminate the plants over time if burns are repeated. Burning is not effective however, in moist bottomland areas (Scott Simon, in Batcher, 2000).
Auckland Region (North Island)
L. sinense has been designated as a Surveillance and Community Initiative Pest by the Auckland Regional Pest Management Pest Management Strategy 2002-2007. Please see Hierarchy of Plant Designations for an explanation of designation terminology.
Florida (USA)
In Florida, annual burning was effective in controlling L. sinense. Furthermore, cutting is also effective if done when conditions are dry (Greg Seamon, in Batcher, 2000).
Georgia (USA)
Ligustrum sinese is ranked among the top 10 exotic pest plants of Georgia (Harrington & Miller, 2005).
Ku-ring-gai Flying-fox Reserve (Sydney)
A habitat restoration project was undertaken with the primary aim of providing a self-perpetuating indigenous roosting habitat for the colony. A secondary aim was to retain the diversity of native fauna and flora within the Reserve and keep the regenerated vegetation compatible with native bushland in northern Sydney. The project was undertaken in three phases extending from 1987 to 2000. An evaluation of results after this period shows that native plants were regenerating and level of weed maintainence required was on the decrease.
Weed control treatments included manual removal, precision herbicide spraying ‘cut and paint’ and stem injection herbicide treatments for larger woody weeds and climbers. Supplemental planting of endemic species was also undertaken. Privets were injected with herbicide upto a year earlier than herbaceous weed treatment to prevent recruitment of a new crop of privet seedlings establishing themselves while the old batch rotted amongst the herbaceous weed.
Louisiana
L. sinense is one of the worst weeds on Louisiana preserves, and the application of Garlon 4 (triclopyr) has produced excellent control results, but RoundUp (glyphosate) did not provide good results (Richard Martin, in Batcher, 2000) .
Mississippi
In Mississippi, a combination of pulling and burning provided good control of L. sinense (George Ramseur Jr., in Batcher, 2000).
Motutapu Is. (North Island)
Chinese privet is controlled on Motutapu Island.
North Carolina
In North Carolina, RoundUp was useful in controlling large infested areas of L. sinense. Additionally, cutting was very effective if coupled with the use of Arsenal (imazapyr) on cut stumps (Robert Merriam, in Batcher, 2000) .
Rangitoto Is. (North Island)
In 1995, a weed control programme was initiated on Rangitoto Island, with 72 weed species identified. These were split into three priority classes, each with a management objective. The long term aim for this species is control to zero density (no adult plants).
Tennessee
Ligustrum sinese is considered a "Rank 1, Severe Threat" species by the Tennessee Exotic Pest Plant Council in 2001 (Drake et al, 2003).

         管理资源 /链接

1. Baker, W. UNDATED. Plant Pest Control: Privet: Ligustrum lucidum, Ligustrum sinense. Bay of Plenty Regional Council, New Zealand.
        摘要： Detailed report on introduction, origin, description and control.
Available from: http://envbop.govt.nz/publications/PDF/FactSheets/PP1098.pdf [Accessed 29 May 2003].
2. Batcher M.S. 2000. Element Stewardship Abstract for Ligustrum spp. The Nature Conservancy.
        摘要： An Element Stewardship Abstract containing detail report on description, distribution, dispersal methods, impacts, habitats and control.
Available from: http://www.invasive.org/weedcd/pdfs/tncweeds/ligu_sp.pdf [Accessed 19 July 2010].
3. Brown, Christopher E.; Pezeshki, S. Reza, 2000. A study on waterlogging as a potential tool to control Ligustrum sinense populations in western Tennessee. Wetlands. 20(3). September, 2000. 429-437.
4. Center for Aquatic and Invasive Plants, University of Florida (IFAS), 2010. Chinese privet: Ligustrum sinense
        摘要： Available from: http://plants.ifas.ufl.edu/node/231 [Accessed 10 March 2010]
5. Daehler, C.C; Denslow, J.S; Ansari, S and Huang-Chi, K., 2004. A Risk-Assessment System for Screening Out Invasive Pest Plants from Hawaii and Other Pacific Islands. Conservation Biology Volume 18 Issue 2 Page 360.
        摘要： A study on the use of a screening system to assess proposed plant introductions to Hawaii or other Pacific Islands and to identify high-risk species used in horticulture and forestry which would greatly reduce future pest-plant problems and allow entry of most nonpests.
6. Department of Primary Industries, Victoria, 2009. Impact Assessment - Small-leaf Privet (Ligustrum sinense) in Victoria
        摘要： Available from: http://www.dse.vic.gov.au/dpi/vro/vrosite.nsf/pages/impact_small_leaved_privet [Accessed 10 March 2010]
7. Department of Primary Industries, Victoria, 2009. Invasiveness Assessment - Small-leaf Privet (Ligustrum sinense) in Victoria
        摘要： Available from: http://dpi.vic.gov.au/dpi/vro/vrosite.nsf/pages/invasive_small_leaf_privet [Accessed 10 March 2010]
8. Ding, Jianqing; Reardon, Richard; Wu, Yun; Zheng, Hao; Fu, Weidong, 2006. Biological control of invasive plants through collaboration between China and the United States of America: a perspective. Biological Invasions. 8(7). OCT 2006. 1439-1450
9. Early Detection and Distribution Mapping System (EDDMapS), 2010. Chinese privet Ligustrum sinense Lour.
        摘要： Available from: http://www.eddmaps.org/distribution/state.cfm?sub=3035&id=us_tx [Accessed 10 March 2010]
10. Environment Waikato. 2002. Privet (Ligustrum spp.)
11. Greene, Brian T. and Bernd Blossey, August 5, 2009. COS 58-1: Patterns of privet: Why is the invasive plant Ligustrum sinense Lour associated with urban watersheds in the southeastern United States. Wednesday, August 5, 2009 - 8:00 AM. 94th ESA Annual Meeting Sunday August 2 -Friday, August 7 2009 Albuquerque, New Mexico.
        摘要： Available from: http://eco.confex.com/eco/2009/techprogram/P18256.HTM [Accessed 10 March 2010]
12. Hanula, James L.; Scott Horn, and John W. Taylor, 2009. Chinese Privet (Ligustrum sinense) Removal and its Effect on Native Plant Communities of Riparian Forests. Invasive Plant Science and Management 2009 2:292–300
        摘要： Available from: http://www.srs.fs.usda.gov/pubs/ja/ja_hanula018.pdf [Accessed 10 March 2010]
13. Harrington, Timothy B.; Miller, James H., 2005. Effects of application rate, timing, and formulation of glyphosate and triclopyr on control of Chinese privet (Ligustrum sinense). Weed Technology. 19(1). JAN-MAR 2005. 47-54.
14. IUCN 2010. IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Version 2010.4.
        摘要： The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species provides taxonomic, conservation status and distribution information on taxa that have been globally evaluated using the IUCN Red List Categories and Criteria. This system is designed to determine the relative risk of extinction, and the main purpose of the IUCN Red List is to catalogue and highlight those taxa that are facing a higher risk of global extinction (i.e. those listed as Critically Endangered, Endangered and Vulnerable). The IUCN Red List also includes information on taxa that are categorized as Extinct or Extinct in the Wild; on taxa that cannot be evaluated because of insufficient information (i.e. are Data Deficient); and on taxa that are either close to meeting the threatened thresholds or that would be threatened were it not for an ongoing taxon-specific conservation programme (i.e. are Near Threatened).
Available from: http://www.iucnredlist.org/ [Accessed 25 May 2011]
15. IUCN/SSC Invasive Species Specialist Group (ISSG)., 2010. A Compilation of Information Sources for Conservation Managers.
        摘要： This compilation of information sources can be sorted on keywords for example: Baits & Lures, Non Target Species, Eradication, Monitoring, Risk Assessment, Weeds, Herbicides etc. This compilation is at present in Excel format, this will be web-enabled as a searchable database shortly. This version of the database has been developed by the IUCN SSC ISSG as part of an Overseas Territories Environmental Programme funded project XOT603 in partnership with the Cayman Islands Government - Department of Environment. The compilation is a work under progress, the ISSG will manage, maintain and enhance the database with current and newly published information, reports, journal articles etc.
16. Marvin, David C.; Bradley, Bethany A.; Wilcove, David S., 2009. A Novel, Web-based, Ecosystem Mapping Tool Using Expert Opinion. Natural Areas Journal. 29(3). JUL 2009. 281-292.
17. Matlack, Glenn R., 2002. Exotic plant species in Mississippi, USA: Critical issues in management and research. Natural Areas Journal. 22(3). July, 2002. 241-247.
18. Montaldo, Norberto H., 1993. Avian dispersal and reproductive success of two species of Ligustrum (Oleaceae) in a subtropical forest relict in Argentina. Revista Chilena de Historia Natural. 66(1). 1993. 75-85.
19. Nel, J.L.; D.M. Richardson; M. Rouget; T.N. Mgidi; N. Mdzeke; D.C. Le Maitre; B.W. van Wilgen; L. Schonegevel; L. Henderson and S. Neser, 2004. A proposed classification of invasive alien plant species in South Africa: towards prioritizing species and areas for management action. Working for Water South African Journal of Science 100, January/February 2004
        摘要： Available from: http://www.dwaf.gov.za/WFW/Docs/Papers/SAJSFeb2004nel.pdf [Accessed 10 March 2010]
20. Pacific Island Ecosystems at Risk (PIER), 2010. Ligustrum sinense Lour., Oleaceae
        摘要： Available from: http://www.hear.org/pier/species/ligustrum_sinense.htm [Accessed 10 March 2010]
21. Pacific Island Ecosystems at Risk (PIER), 2010. Risk Assessment: Ligustrum sinense Lour., Oleaceae
        摘要： Available from: http://www.hear.org/pier/wra/pacific/ligustrum_sinense_htmlwra.htm [Accessed 10 March 2010]
22. Pallin, N. 2000. Ku-ring-gai Flying-fox Reserve, Habitat restoration project, 15 years on. Ecological Management and Restoration 1(1):10 April 2000.
        摘要： Discusses impacts species has had on a Reserve in Australia. Examines chemical and physical control methods and how control has been reached.
23. PIER (Pacific Island Ecosystems at Risk), 2003. Ligustrum spp.
        摘要： Ecology, synonyms, common names, distributions (Pacific as well as global), management and impact information.
Available from: http://www.hear.org/pier/species/ligustrum_spp.htm [Accessed 29 May 2003]
24. Smith, K. E.; G. B Runion; S.A. Prior; A. J. Price; H. H. Rogers and H. A. Torbert, 2008. Chinese Privet (Ligustrum sinense) in an elevated CO2 Environment. Botany Research Journal 1 (2): 43-48, 2008.
        摘要： Available from: http://www.medwellonline.net/fulltext/brj/2008/43-48.pdf [Accessed 10 March 2010]
25. Swarbrick, J.T., S.M. Timmins, and K.M. Bullen. 1999. The biology of Australian weeds. 36. Ligustrum lucidum Aiton and Ligustrum sinense Lour. Plant Protection Quarterly 14:
26. Thetford, Mack; Berry, James B., 2000. Response of five woody landscape plants to Primo and pruning. Journal of Environmental Horticulture. 18(3). September, 2000. 132-136.
27. Timmins, S. M. and H. Braithwaite, 2002. Early detection of invasive weeds on islands. In Turning the tide: the eradication of invasive species: 311-318. Veitch, C.R. and Clout, M.N.(eds). IUCN SSC Invasive Species Specialist Group. IUCN. Gland. Switzerland and Cambridge. UK.
        摘要： Eradication case study in Turning the tide: the eradication of invasive species.
28. Ulyshen, Michael D.; Scott Horn and James L. Hanula, 2009. Response of beetles (Coleoptera) at three heights to the experimental removal of an invasive shrub, Chinese privet (Ligustrum sinense), from floodplain forests. Biological Invasions DOI 10.1007/s10530-009-9569-2
29. Varnham, K. 2006. Non-native species in UK Overseas Territories: a review. JNCC Report 372. Peterborough: United Kingdom.
        摘要： This database compiles information on alien species from British Overseas Territories.
Available from: http://www.jncc.gov.uk/page-3660 [Accessed 10 November 2009]
30. Vidra, Rebecca L.; Shear, Theodore H.; Stucky, Jon M., 2007. Effects of vegetation removal on native understory recovery in an exotic-rich urban forest. Journal of the Torrey Botanical Society. 134(3). JUL-SEP 2007. 410-419.
31. Virginia Native Plant Society / Virginia Department of Conservation and Recreation (VNPS/VDCR) Undated Invasive Alien Plant Species of Virginia: Chinese Privet (Ligustrum sinense) Virginia.
        摘要： Summary on description, habitat, threats and control.
Available from: http://www.vnps.org/invasive/FSLIGUS.html [Accessed 29 May 2003].
32. Williams, Peter A.; Karl, Brian J.; Bannister, Peter; Lee, William G., 2000. Small mammals as potential seed dispersers in New Zealand. Austral Ecology. 25(5). October, 2000. 523-532.
33. Williams, Rick & Patrick Minogue, 2008. Biology and Management of Chinese Privet. FR189, one of a series of the School of Forest Resources and Conservation Department, Florida Cooperative Extension Service, Institute of Food and Agricultural Sciences, University of Florida
        摘要： Available from: http://edis.ifas.ufl.edu/pdffiles/FR/FR25000.pdf [Accessed 10 March 2010]
34. Wirth, Ferdinand F.; Davis, Kathy J.; Wilson, Sandra B., 2004. Florida nursery sales and economic impacts of 14 potentially invasive landscape plant species. Journal of Environmental Horticulture. 22(1). March 2004. 12-16
35. Wotherspoon and Wotherspoon, 2002. The evolution and execution of a plan for invasive weed eradication and control, Rangitoto Island, Hauraki Gulf, New Zealand. In Turning the tide: the eradication of invasive species: 381-388. Veitch, C.R. and Clout, M.N.(eds). IUCN SSC Invasive Species Specialist Group. IUCN. Gland. Switzerland and Cambridge. UK
        摘要： Eradication case study in Turning the tide: the eradication of invasive species.
36. Zhang, Yan-Zhuo; Hanula, James L.; Sun, Jiang-Hua, 2008. Survey for potential insect biological control agents of Ligustrum sinense (Scrophulariales : Oleaceae) in China. Florida Entomologist. 91(3). SEP 2008. 372-382.
37. Zhang, Yanzhuo; Sun, Jianghua; Hanula, James L., 2009. Biology and Life History of Argopistes tsekooni (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae) in China, a Promising Biological Control Agent of Chinese Privet. Annals of the Entomological Society of America. 102(3). MAY 2009. 508-516
         结果页： 1

The Global Invasive Species Database is managed by the Invasive Species Specialist Group (ISSG) of the IUCN Species Survival Commission. It was developed as part of the global initiative on invasive species led by the Global Invasive Species Programme (GISP) and is supported through partnerships with the National Biological Information Infrastructure, Manaaki Whenua-Landcare Research and the University of Auckland. Conditions of use.