issg Database: 管理与信息相关链接Schinus terebinthifolius

Schinus terebinthifolius (乔木)

生态分布管理影响 参考数据 联系

         管理信息

预防措施：一个针对夏威夷与其它太平洋岛屿的巴西胡椒木(Schinus terebinthifolius)的风险评估，由 Kaulunani 都市森林计划与美国森林服务部赞助，Dr. Curtis Daehler (UH Botany)执行。外来植物检查系统衍生自 Pheloung et al。(1999) 经过小幅修正使用在太平洋岛屿.(Daehler et al.2004) 结果是 19 分，建议如下：可能在夏威夷与其它太平洋岛屿上引起重要的生态或者经济的伤害，WRA 分数很高，以夏威夷和其它世界各地公开的生物学描述信息为依据。
发展 S. terebinthifolius的管理策略时，应考虑下列生物学特性：它的种子在散布五个月之后通常不能发芽。有没有水，是决定苗木成功生长的关键：此物种在加州不成功的原因是，发芽与生长根，短时期内土壤需有充份的湿气。苗木非常慢地生长而且能在密集林荫下存活，如果没有遮荫，就能展现精力充沛的生长(生长率 .03-.05 公尺/每年) (Ferriter 1997). 这样，开放栖息地 (经由采伐森林, 举例来说) 的创造影响并且增加 S. terebinthifolius的传布的比率。 S. terebinthifolius出现在那些开放的干扰后，就开始贮备潜能向自然环境传布。这意指将受干扰的生态系统恢复到他们的自然状态，可以控制本土生态系统杂草的传布.(以及提供一个机会回复原生环境)
此植物能够从地面上的茎与根冠发芽，而且再发芽也时常是很多的，新芽经常从休眠与偶发的芽的生长出来。此杂草成功的原因包括 (1)生长快速 (2)种子产量大(3) 不断地延伸新枝(4)再发芽率高与 (5)生长条件宽。(Ewel 1979, 在 Ferriter 1997)
生物方法：Cleary,2003 报告指出，存在可能控制巴西胡椒木的各种不同的生物控制剂; 这些包括巴西胡椒木蓟马虫( Pseudophilothrips ichini) ，巴西胡椒木卷叶螟虫(Episimus utilis) 、巴西胡椒木锯蝇 (Heteroperreyia hubrichi) 与多种真菌病原体。巴西的中西大学 (UNICENTRO)正在主导巴西胡椒木虫瘿昆虫的独立研究。

         地点特有的管理信息
New Zealand
S. terebinthifolius is listed as a pest plant in New Zealand; commercial sale and/or distribution of the plant is not allowed. National Pest Plant Accord, New Zealand
S. terebinthifolius has been included in the Auckland Regional Councils pest plant list.
Nonsuch Is.
S. terebinthifolius has been removed from Nonsuch Island for the past twenty years, but as many as 500 000 seedlings need to be removed annually in order to control this species.
Pelican Island National Wildlife Refuge
The suggested management option is to occasionally remove moon vine and Brazilian pepper (up to 10 acres/annually), and to continue the 2001 barrier island restoration project to mimic historic conditions (USDI 2005).

         管理资源 /链接

1. Batianoff, George N.; Butler, Don W., 2002. Assessment of invasive naturalized plants in south-east Queensland. Plant Protection Quarterly. 17(1). 2002. 27-34.
2. Batianoff, George N.; Butler, Don W., 2003. Impact assessment and analysis of sixty-six priority invasive weeds in south-east Queensland. Plant Protection Quarterly. 18(1). 2003. 11-17.
3. Cleary, Ruark L., 2007. Controlling upland invasive exotic plants on public conservation land: a strategic plan. Natural Areas Journal. 27(3). JUL 2007. 218-225.
4. Cuda, J. P., A. P. Ferriter, V. Manrique, and J.C. Medal, (Editors) 2006. J.P. Cuda, Brazilian Peppertree Task Force Chair. Interagency Brazilian Peppertree (Schinus terebinthifolius) Management Plan for Florida 2nd Edition. Recommendations from the Brazilian Peppertree Task Force Florida Exotic Pest Plant Council April 2006
5. Cuda, J. P.; Gillmore, J. L.; Medal, J. C.; Pedrosa-Macedo, J. H., 2008. Mass rearing of Pseudophilothrips ichini (Thysanoptera : Phlaeothripidae), an approved biological control agent for Brazilian peppertree, Schinus terebinthifolius (Sapindales : Anacardiaceae). Florida Entomologist. 91(2). JUN 2008. 338-340.
6. Cuda, J. P.; Medal, J. C.; Gillmore, J. L.; Habeck, D. H.; Pedrosa-Macedo, J. H., 2009. Fundamental Host Range of Pseudophilothrips ichini s.l. (Thysanoptera: Phlaeothripidae): A Candidate Biological Control Agent of Schinus terebinthifolius (Sapindales: Anacardiaceae) in the United States. Environmental Entomology. 38(6). DEC 2009. 1642-1652.
7. Cuda, J. P.; Medal, J. C.; Vitorino, M. D.; Habeck, D. H., 2005. Supplementary host specificity testing of the sawfly Heteroperryia hubrichi, a candidate for classical biological control of Brazilian peppertree, Schinus terebinthifolius, in the USA. BioControl (Dordrecht). 50(1). February 2005. 195-201.
8. Daehler, C.C; Denslow, J.S; Ansari, S and Huang-Chi, K., 2004. A Risk-Assessment System for Screening Out Invasive Pest Plants from Hawaii and Other Pacific Islands. Conservation Biology Volume 18 Issue 2 Page 360.
        摘要： A study on the use of a screening system to assess proposed plant introductions to Hawaii or other Pacific Islands and to identify high-risk species used in horticulture and forestry which would greatly reduce future pest-plant problems and allow entry of most nonpests.
9. Donnelly, Melinda J.; Walters, Linda J., 2008. Water and boating activity as dispersal vectors for Schinus terebinthifolius (Brazilian pepper) seeds in freshwater and estuarine habitats. Estuaries & Coasts. 31(5). NOV 2008. 960-968.
10. Elfers, S.C. 2001. Herbicide information partly updated: TunyaLee Martin, 8/2001 Element Stewardship Abstract for Schinus terebinthifolius Brazilian Pepper-tree
11. European and Mediterranean Plant Protection Organization (EPPO), 2005. Reporting Service 2005, No. 9.
        摘要： The EPPO Reporting Service is a monthly information report on events of phytosanitary concern. It focuses on new geographical records, new host plants, new pests (including invasive alien plants), pests to be added to the EPPO Alert List, detection and identification methods etc. The EPPO Reporting Service is published in English and French.
Available from: http://archives.eppo.org/EPPOReporting/2005/Rse-0509.pdf [Accessed 28 November 2005]
12. Ewe, Sharon M. L.; Sternberg, Leonel da Silveira Lobo, 2007. Water uptake patterns of an invasive exotic plant in coastal saline habitats. Journal of Coastal Research. 23(1). JAN 2007. 255-264.
13. Ferriter, A. (Ed.) 1997 Brazilian Pepper Management for Florida, Recommendations from the Brazilian Pepper Task Force Florida Exotic Pest Plant Council The Florida Exotic Pest Plant Council’s Brazilian Pepper Task Force: Florida.
14. Hight, Stephen D.; Horiuchi, Ivan; Vitorino, Marcelo D.; Wikler, Charles; Pedrosa-Macedo, Jose H., 2003. Biology, host specificity tests, and risk assessment of the sawfly Heteroperreyia hubrichi, a potential biological control agent of Schinus terebinthifolius in Hawaii. BioControl (Dordrecht). 48(4). August 2003. 461-476.
15. Kueffer, C. and Mauremootoo, J., 2004. Case Studies on the Status of Invasive Woody Plant Species in the Western Indian Ocean. 3. Mauritius (Islands of Mauritius and Rodrigues). Forest Health & Biosecurity Working Papers FBS/4-3E. Forestry Department, Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations, Rome, Italy.
16. Langeland & Stocker, 2001. Control of Non-native Plants in Natural Areas of Florida
17. Lass, Lawrence W.; Prather, Timothy S., 2004. Detecting the locations of Brazilian pepper trees in the everglades with a hyperspectral sensor. Weed Technology. 18(2). April 2004. 437-442.
18. Leonard Pearlstine, Kenneth M. Portier, and Scot E. Smith, 2005. Textural Discrimination of an Invasive Plant, Schinus terebinthifolius, from Low Altitude Aerial Digital Imagery. Photogrammetric Engineering & Remote Sensing Vol. 71, No. 3, March 2005, pp. 289–298.
19. Mack, R. N and W. M. Lonsdale., 2002. Eradicating invasive plants: Hard-won lessons for islands. In Turning the tide: the eradication of invasive species: 311-318. Veitch, C.R. and Clout, M.N.(eds). IUCN SSC Invasive Species Specialist Group. IUCN. Gland. Switzerland and Cambridge. UK.
        摘要： Uses Clidemia hirta in Hawaii as an eradication case study. Clidemia is in the Melastomataceae and somewhat similar ecologically to miconia.
Eradication case study in Turning the tide: the eradication of invasive species.
20. Manrique, Veronica; Cuda, J. P.; Overholt, W. A.; Ewe, S. M. L., 2009b. Influence of host-plant quality on the performance of Episimus unguiculus, a candidate biological control agent of Brazilian peppertree in Florida. BioControl (Dordrecht). 54(3). JUN 2009. 475-484.
21. Manrique, Veronica; Cuda, J. P.; Overholt, W. A.; Ewe, S. M. L.., 2009a. Synergistic effect of insect herbivory and plant parasitism on the performance of the invasive tree Schinus terebinthifolius Entomologia Experimentalis et Applicata. 132(2). AUG 2009. 118-125.
22. Manrique, Veronica; Cuda, J. P.; Overholt, W. A.; Williams, D. A.; Wheeler, G. S., 2008b. Effect of host-plant genotypes on the performance of three candidate biological control agents of Schinus terebinthifolius in Florida. Biological Control. 47(2). NOV 2008. 167-171.
23. Manrique, Veronica; Cuda, James P.; Overholt, William A., 2009c. Effect of herbivory on growth and biomass allocation of Brazilian peppertree (Sapindales: Anacardiaceae) seedlings in the laboratory. Biocontrol Science & Technology. 19(5-6). 2009. 657-667.
24. Manrique, Veronica; Cuda, Jamess P.; Overholt, William A.; Diaz, Rodrigo, 2008a. Temperature-dependent development and potential distribution of Episimus utilis (Lepidoptera : Tortricidae), a candidate biological control agent of Brazilian peppertree (Sapindales : Anacardiaceae) in Florida. Environmental Entomology. 37(4). AUG 2008. 862-870.
25. Manrique, Veronica; Cuda, Jamess P.; Overholt, William A.; Diaz, Rodrigo, 2008c. Temperature-dependent development and potential distribution of Episimus utilis (Lepidoptera : Tortricidae), a candidate biological control agent of Brazilian peppertree (Sapindales : Anacardiaceae) in Florida. Environmental Entomology. 37(4). AUG 2008. 862-870.
26. Martin, C. G., J. P. Cuda, K. D. Awadzi, J. C. Medal, D. H. Habeck & J. H. Pedrosa-Macedo, 2009. Biology and Laboratory Rearing of Episimus utilis (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae), a Candidate for Classical Biological Control of Brazilian Peppertree (Anacardiaceae) in Florida. Biological Control Weeds
27. Martin, C. G.; Cuda, J. P.; Awadzi, K. D.; Medal, J. C.; Habeck, D. H.; Pedrosa-Macedo, J. H.., 2004b. Biology and laboratory rearing of Episimus utilis (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae), a candidate for classical biological control of Brazilian peppertree (Anacardiaceae) in Florida. Environmental Entomology. 33(5). October 2004. 1351-1361.
28. Mc Kay, Fernando; Oleiro, Marina; Cabrera Walsh, Guillermo; Gandolfo, Daniel; Cuda, James P.; Wheeler, Gregory S., 2009. Natural enemies of Brazilian Peppertree (Sapindales: Anacardiaceae) from Argentina: Their possible use for Biological Control in the USA. Florida Entomologist. 92(2). JUN 2009. 292-303.
29. Meisenburg, M.J. and Fox, A.M. 2002. What role do birds play in dispersal of invasive plants? Wildland Weeds 5(3).
        摘要： Available from: http://www.fleppc.org/publications/Wildland%20Weeds/WW_Summer%202002.pdf [Accessed 9th February]
30. Motooka, P. 2000. Summaries of herbicide trials for pasture, range, and non-cropland weed control-1999. College of Tropical Agriculture and Human Resources of the University of Hawaii at Manoa.
        摘要： Data published to assist applicators experimenting with herbicides for weed control.
31. Moyroud, R. 2000. Exotic Weeds That Threaten the Caribbean, Wildland Weed Wildland Weeds 3 (2).
        摘要： Available from: http://www.se-eppc.org/pubs/ww/WW_Spring2000.pdf [Accessed 9th February]
32. National Pest Plant Accord, 2001. Biosecurity New Zealand.
        摘要： The National Pest Plant Accord is a cooperative agreement between regional councils and government departments with biosecurity responsibilities. Under the accord, regional councils will undertake surveillance to prevent the commercial sale and/or distribution of an agreed list of pest plants.
Available from: http://www.biosecurity.govt.nz/pests-diseases/plants/accord.htm [Accessed 11 August 2005]
33. New Zealand Plant Conservation Network, 2005. Unwanted Organisms. Factsheet Schinus terebinthifolius
34. Pacific Islands Ecosystems at Risk (PIER), 2010. Schinus terebinthifolius Raddi, Anacardiaceae
35. Pacific Islands Ecosystems at Risk (PIER), 2010. Risk Assessment Schinus terebinthifolius Raddi, Anacardiaceae
36. Panetta, F. D.; Anderson, T. M. D., 2001. Chemical control of broad-leaved pepper tree (Schinus terebinthifolius Raddi). Plant Protection Quarterly. 16(1). 2001. 26-31.
37. Panetta, F. D.; McKee, J., 1997. Recruitment of the invasive ornamental, Schinus terebinthifolius, is dependent upon frugivores. Australian Journal of Ecology. 22(4). Dec., 1997. 432-438.
38. Peck, James H., 2003. Arkansas flora: Additions, reinstatements, exclusions, and re-exclusions. SIDA Contributions to Botany. 20(4). 22 December, 2003. 1737-1757.
39. PIER (Pacific Island Ecosystems at Risk), 2002. Schinus terebinthifolius
        摘要： Ecology, synonyms, common names, distributions (Pacific as well as global), management and impact information..
Available from: http://www.hear.org/pier/species/schinus_terebinthifolius.htm [Accessed 5 February 2003].
40. Rauzon, M. J. and D. C. Drigot., 2002. Red mangrove eradication and pickleweed control in a Hawaiin wetland, waterbird responses and lessons learned. In Turning the tide: the eradication of invasive species: 381-388. Veitch, C.R. and Clout, M.N.(eds). IUCN SSC Invasive Species Specialist Group. IUCN. Gland. Switzerland and Cambridge. UK.
        摘要： Eradication case study in Turning the tide: the eradication of invasive species.
41. Royal New Zealand Institute of Horticulture (RNZIH), 2005. Christmas berry Schinus terebinthifolius
        摘要： Available from: http://www.rnzih.org.nz/pages/nppa_027.pdf [Accessed 1 October 2005]
42. Treadwell, Lucinda W.; Cuda, J. P., 2007. Effects of defoliation on growth and reproduction of Brazilian peppertree (Schinus terebinthifolius) Weed Science. 55(2). MAR-APR 2007. 137-142.
43. USDI. 2005. Pelican Island National Wildlife Refuge Draft Comprehensive Conservation Plan and Environmental Assessment Plan. U.S. Department of the Interior Fish and Wildlife Service: Atlanta.
        摘要： Available from: http://library.fws.gov/CCPs/pelicanisland_draft.pdf [Accessed 9th February]
44. Varnham, K. 2006. Non-native species in UK Overseas Territories: a review. JNCC Report 372. Peterborough: United Kingdom.
        摘要： This database compiles information on alien species from British Overseas Territories.
Available from: http://www.jncc.gov.uk/page-3660 [Accessed 10 November 2009]
45. Williams, D. A.; Muchugu, E.; Overholt, W. A.; Cuda, J. P., 2007. Colonization patterns of the invasive Brazilian peppertree, Schinus terebinthifolius, in Florida. Heredity. 98(5). MAY 2007. 284-293.
46. Williams, D. A.; Sternberg, L. Da S. L.; Hughes, C. R., 2002. Characterization of polymorphic microsatellite loci in the invasive Brazilian pepper, Schinus terebinthifolius. Molecular Ecology Notes. 2(3). September, 2002. 231-232.
         结果页： 1

The Global Invasive Species Database is managed by the Invasive Species Specialist Group (ISSG) of the IUCN Species Survival Commission. It was developed as part of the global initiative on invasive species led by the Global Invasive Species Programme (GISP) and is supported through partnerships with the National Biological Information Infrastructure, Manaaki Whenua-Landcare Research and the University of Auckland. Conditions of use.