issg Database: Management and Information Links for Xanthomonas axonopodis pv.citri

Xanthomonas axonopodis pv.citri (micro-organism)

Ecology Distribution Management
Info Impact
Info References
and Links Contacts

         Management Information

Preventative measures: The best preventive measure is to catch the infection early before it spreads extensively. Gabriel (2002), however, points out that because of increasing levels of international travel, and in spite of rigorous quarantine measures, the disease is likely to be reintroduced into citrus orchards repeatedly because of people inadvertently bringing infected citrus fruits and seedlings to uninfected places.
Physical: According to Gabriel (2002), X. axonopodis pv.citri' distribution and survivability is strongly influenced by the ecological conditions surrounding its host. The Asian citrus leaf miner (Phyllocnistis citrella), an invasive in Florida, increases the spread of X. axonopodis pv.citri by exposing the disease for easier spread by wind and rainfall. FDACS (2002) states that no chemical compound is known to destroy the bacteria within the plant tissue. So in order to eradicate the disease, the infected and exposed trees must be cut down and disposed of properly. When an infected tree is found, all trees within 1,900 feet of it must also be cut down. Researchers determined that approximately 95% of the trees that became diseased were up to 1,900 feet away from a single disease-positive tree.
The American Phytopathological Society (APS) offers on its website illustrated lessons to introduce the symptoms and signs, pathogen biology, disease cycle, epidemiology, disease management, and scientific, economic and social significance of major plant diseases. Please follow this link Citrus canker for details.

         Management Resources/Links

1. FDACS (Florida Department of Agriculture and Consumer Services). 2002. Citrus Canker: The Threat to Florida Agriculture .
        Summary: Basic description, habitat types, general impacts, and control measures. Website is specifically focused on Florida but provides general information.
2. Gabriel, D. W. 2002. Citrus Canker Disease. University of Florida.
        Summary: Detailed description, habitat info, look alike info, distribution, general impacts, and control measures used.
3. Gottwald, T.R. 2000. Citrus canker. The Plant Health Instructor.DOI: 10.1094/PHI-I-2000-1002-01 Updated, 2005.
        Summary: The American Phytopathological Society (APS) offers on its website illustrated lessons to introduce the symptoms and signs, pathogen biology, disease cycle, epidemiology, disease management, and scientific, economic and social significance of major plant diseases. The website will also offer basic information on the history, biology, survival, dissemination, host-parasite interactions, epidemiology and management of the major groups of plant pathogens. This section is in development.
APS Introductory Plant Pathology Resources is available from http://www.apsnet.org/education/IntroPlantPath/top.html. This page is available from: http://www.apsnet.org/education/LessonsPlantPath/CitrusCanker/default.htm [Accessed 7 November 2006]
4. Liberato J.R, Miles A.K, Rodrigues Neto J & Gambley C 2006. Citrus canker (canker A) (Xanthomonas axonopodis pv. citri) Pest and Diseases Image Library. Updated on 22/09/2006 3:07:27 PM.
        Summary: Available from: http://www.padil.gov.au/pests-and-diseases/Pest/Main/136647 [Accessed 7 December 2011]
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The Global Invasive Species Database is managed by the Invasive Species Specialist Group (ISSG) of the IUCN Species Survival Commission. It was developed as part of the global initiative on invasive species led by the Global Invasive Species Programme (GISP) and is supported through partnerships with the National Biological Information Infrastructure, Manaaki Whenua-Landcare Research and the University of Auckland. Conditions of use.