issg Database: 管理與資訊相關鏈接Rattus rattus

Rattus rattus (哺乳動物)

生態分佈管理影響 參考資料 聯繫

         管理資訊

預防措施：研究顯示，要根除島嶼上初期入侵的老鼠，通常是很困難的，因此最好優先考慮阻止入侵。移除一種入侵老鼠可能是不成比例的困難，由於老鼠在沒有同種個體之下的非典型行為，而且毒餌可能因為無法與食物競爭，而無效。(Russellet al., 2005 ) Weihong et al.(1999) 使用不同的陷井與誘餌提供關於老鼠的發現的有用資料。
物理方法：使用毒餌，是把老鼠從大的島嶼移除的唯一經證明有效的方法。陷井通常無法移除所有個體，因為害怕陷井的動物能存活。(DOC, 2004)
化學方法：適當地利用專賣的殺鼠毒餌，可以季節性地控制家鼠數量，或在小範圍內滅絕家鼠。到目前為止，曾經根除船鼠的最大的島是 Barrow 島(23000公頃，西澳大利亞)。(Morris, 2002)「第二代抗凝血毒劑」是家鼠控制中普遍使用的，但仍需要深思其可能造成的後果。
。包括對於我們想保護的動物或其他物種所造成的一級或二級毒性、對他種有害脊椎動物的二級毒性，以及家鼠對此種毒所產生的抗藥性。目前並不清楚牠們爬樹的習性是否會使得撲殺更加困難。(SPREP, 2000)
費雪 et al.(2004)建議 diphacinone, 以及 coumatetralyl 與warfarin，應該利用野外研究評估使用作為紐西蘭的替代滅鼠劑。Brodifacoum 是目前紐西蘭最廣泛使用的滅鼠劑，會在非目標野生動物身上持續殘留。Mineau et al.(2004) 在第二屆國家入侵老鼠高峰會，提出了一個第二代滅鼠劑的風險評估。O'Connor 與 Eason(2000) 討論毒餌的多樣性那是使用可以使用的在紐西蘭的離岸島嶼上。
一個調查 Spurr et al.(2007) 被成功完成估計船鼠的行為回應至四個不同的餌籠類型了。黃色塑膠的管，木製的盒子(" 老鼠汽車旅館 "), 與木製的洞穴餌籠全部被發現適合船鼠與第一個兩隻至少挪威老鼠的監視(全部輕易地被進入而且有一相似的從他們被吃的毒餌的數量).
生物方法：使用不孕法控制現在實驗, 但是給使用不孕法的有效的控制潛能正在允諾。國立野生生物研究中心(美國)科學家正在處理可能讓有效的口頭免疫可能的一些可能的形成。(奈許與米勒, 2004)
綜合管理：給來自福克蘭群島小組裡面的島的老鼠的根除的 Guidelines 從島為老鼠的根除提供指導方針, 以根除老鼠從福克蘭群島的經驗為依據小組。這一個紙從島為老鼠的根除提供指導方針, 以根除老鼠從福克蘭群島的經驗為依據小組。

         管理資源 /鏈接

1. Amaral, João, Sérgio Almeida, Maria Sequeira & Verónica Neves, 2010. Black rat Rattus rattus eradication by trapping allows recovery of breeding roseate tern Sterna dougallii and common tern S. hirundo populations on Feno Islet, the Azores, Portugal. Conservation Evidence (2010) 7, 16-20
        摘要： Available from: http://www.azoresbioportal.angra.uac.pt/files/noticias_Amaral%20et%20al_ratos.pdf [Accessed 11 January 2011]
2. Angel, A. & Cooper, J. 2006. A Review of the Impacts of Introduced Rodents on the Islands of Tristan da Cunha and Gough. RSPB Research Report No. 17. Royal Society for the Protection of Birds, Sandy,United Kingdom.
3. ARCP Rat Eradication Programme - Protection of Cleared Islands: Report on Green Island Emergency and Recommendations for Future Action
4. Atkinson, I. A. E. and Atkinson, T. J. 2000. Land vertebrates as invasive species on islands served by the South Pacific Regional Environment Programme. In: Invasive Species in the Pacific: A Technical Review and Draft Regional Strategy. South Pacific Regional Environment Programme, Samoa: 19-84.
        摘要： This report reviews available information on the adverse effects of 14 alien vertebrates considered to be ‘significant invasive species' on islands of the South Pacific and Hawaii, supplementing the authors’ experience with that of other workers.
5. Baker-Gabb D. 2004. National Recovery Plan for the Norfolk Island Scarlet Robin Petroica multicolor multicolor and the Norfolk Island Golden Whistler Pachycephala pectoralis xanthroprocta. Commonwealth of Australia, Canberra.
6. Barun, A., Simberloff, D., Tvrtkovic, N. & Pascal, M., 2011. Impact of the introduced small Indian mongoose (Herpestes auropunctatus) on abundance and activity time of the introduced ship rat (Rattus rattus) and the small mammal community on Adriatic islands, Croatia. NeoBiota 11 (2011) : 51-61 doi: 10.3897/neobiota.11.1819
        摘要： Available from: http://www.pensoft.net/journals/neobiota/article/1819/abstract/impact-of-the-introduced-small-indian-mongoose-herpestes-auropunctatus-on-abundance-and-activity-time-of-the-introduced- [Accessed December 1 2011]
7. Bell, B.D. 2002. The eradication of alien mammals from five offshore islands, Mauritius, Indian Ocean. In Turning the tide: the eradication of invasive species: 40-45. IUCN SSC Invasive Species Specialist Group. IUCN. Gland. Switzerland and Cambridge. UK.
        摘要： Eradication case study in Turning the tide: the eradication of invasive species.
8. BirdLife International January 17 2007. News: Islet inhabitants benefit from rat removal
        摘要： Available from: http://www.birdlife.org/news/news/2007/01/rat_removal.html [Accessed 19 January 2007]
9. BirdLife International, 2008. Species factsheet: Pomarea dimidiata. Downloaded from http://www.birdlife.org on 2/9/2008
        摘要： Available from: http://www.birdlife.org/datazone/species/index.html?action=SpcHTMDetails.asp&sid=6076&m=0 [Accessed 2 September 2008]
10. BirdLife Malta Undated. The Yelkouan Shearwater Project
        摘要： Available from: http://lifeshearwaterproject.org.mt/en/project/ [Accessed 25 July 2007]
11. Bomford, M., 2003. Risk Assessment for the Import and Keeping of Exotic Vertebrates in Australia. Bureau of Rural Sciences, Canberra.
        摘要： Available from: http://www.feral.org.au/wp-content/uploads/2010/03/PC12803.pdf [Accessed August 19 2010]
12. Brown, D. 2006a. Preliminary Operational Plan For Rat and Mouse Eradication from Tristan da Cunha. Unpublished report to RSPB.
13. Brown, D. 2006b. A Feasibility Study for the Eradication of Rats and Mice from Tristan da Cunha. Unpublished report to RSPB.
14. Burbidge and Morris., 2002. Introduced mammal eradications for nature conservation on Western Australian islands: a review. In Turning the tide: the eradication of invasive species: 64-70. Veitch, C.R. and Clout, M.N.(eds). IUCN SSC Invasive Species Specialist Group. IUCN. Gland. Switzerland and Cambridge. UK.
        摘要： Available from: http://www.issg.org/database/species/reference_files/vulvul/Burbidge.pdf [Accessed 12 March 2003]
15. Burbidge, A.A., 2004. Montebello Renewal: Western Shield review—February 2003. Conservation Science Western Australia 5(2), 194-201.
16. Carter and Bright., 2002. Habitat refuges as alternatives to predator control for the conservation of endangered Mauritian birds. In Turning the tide: the eradication of invasive species: 71-78. Veitch, C.R. and Clout, M.N.(eds). IUCN SSC Invasive Species Specialist Group. IUCN. Gland. Switzerland and Cambridge. UK.
        摘要： Eradication case study in Turning the tide: the eradication of invasive species.
17. Chagos Island Restoration Project 2006 (CERP). Fauna and Flora International.
18. Christie, J.E., D.J. Brown, I. Westbrooke and E.C. Murphy., 2009. Environmental predictors of stoat (Mustela erminea) and ship rat (Rattus rattus) capture success. DOC Research & Development Series 305. Published by Publishing Team Department of Conservation PO Box 10420, The Terrace Wellington 6143, New Zealand
        摘要： Abstract: The association between capture success of stoats (Mustela erminea) and ship rats (Rattus rattus) and landscape-scale environmental predictors was explored using trapping data from three stoat control areas located in podocarp/broadleaved forest in New Zealand. Stoat capture success was higher at trap sites where a rat was also captured at the same trap or a stoat was captured at a neighbouring trap. Drier trap sites with good soil drainage and increased proximity to the operational trapping boundary were also associated with increased stoat capture. Rat capture success was higher at trap sites where a rat had been captured at a neighbouring trap, and at trap sites that were on steeper ground, more easterly facing and within forest habitat. Trap sites with generally poor soil conditions, i.e. sites with lower soil calcium levels and wetter sites with poor drainage, and increasing distance from the forest edge were also associated with increased rat capture. There were highly variable relationships between rat and stoat capture and landscape-scale environmental predictors between the three stoat control areas. This could be due to differing topography, but also to the highly correlated nature of many of the topographic, climate and habitat predictors. Further research specifically designed to separate these effects should focus on the variables identified as common between all stoat control areas in this study. Additional investigations of whether rats captured in double trap sets act as additional bait for stoats would have practical benefits for stoat control areas. The variability of the results emphasises the importance of ensuring that traps are abundant and widespread in stoat control operations.
19. Cossios E. Daniel, 2010. Vertebrados naturalizados en el Perú: historia y estado del conocimiento (Naturalised vertebrates in Peru: history and state of knowledge) Rev. peru. biol. 17(2): 179 - 189 (Agosto 2010)
        摘要： Available from: http://sisbib.unmsm.edu.pe/BVrevistas/biologia/v17n2/pdf/a07v17n2.pdf [Accessed 23 February 2011]
20. Cunningham, D.M. and Moors, P.J., 1993. Guide To The Identification And Collection Of New Zealand Rodents. Department of Conservation, NZ.
        摘要： A Guide To The Identification And Collection Of New Zealand Rodents, information on trapping methods.
21. Dilks, P and Towns, D., 2002. Developing tools to detect and respond to rodent invasions of islands: workshop report and recommendations. DOC SCIENCE INTERNAL SERIES 59
        摘要： Available from: http://www.doc.govt.nz/upload/documents/science-and-technical/DSIS59.pdf [Accessed 19 February 2008]
22. Doty, R. E. 1945. Rat control on Hawaiian sugar cane plantations. Hawaiian Planters Record 49(2): 71–241.
23. Gerber, G. 1997. Nesting Behavior of the Little Cayman rock iguana, Cyclura nubila caymanensis. Joint Annual Meeting, American Society of Ichthyologists and Herpetologists/Herpetologists League/Society for the Study of Amphibians and Reptiles. University of Washington, Seattle, U.S.A.
24. Innes, J., Hay, R., Flux, I., Bradfield, P., Speed, H. and Jansen, P. 1999. Successful recovery of North Island kokako Callaeas cinerea wilsoni populations, by adaptive management. Biological conservation 87: 201-214.
25. Invasive Species Specialist Group. 2003. Takitimu Conservation Area (Cook Islands) - Landowning clans in charge of the Kakerori Recovery Programmes. In: Aliens 17. Invasive Species Specialist Group of the IUCN Species Survival Commission
        摘要： Available from: http://www.issg.org/pdf/aliens_newsletters/A17.pdf [Accessed 12 March 2010]
26. IUCN 2010. IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Version 2010.4.
        摘要： The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species provides taxonomic, conservation status and distribution information on taxa that have been globally evaluated using the IUCN Red List Categories and Criteria. This system is designed to determine the relative risk of extinction, and the main purpose of the IUCN Red List is to catalogue and highlight those taxa that are facing a higher risk of global extinction (i.e. those listed as Critically Endangered, Endangered and Vulnerable). The IUCN Red List also includes information on taxa that are categorized as Extinct or Extinct in the Wild; on taxa that cannot be evaluated because of insufficient information (i.e. are Data Deficient); and on taxa that are either close to meeting the threatened thresholds or that would be threatened were it not for an ongoing taxon-specific conservation programme (i.e. are Near Threatened).
Available from: http://www.iucnredlist.org/ [Accessed 25 May 2011]
27. IUCN South-Eastern Europen e-Bulletin December 2006. Issue 11: Rats exterminated in important colony of Eleonora’s falcon
        摘要： The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species provides taxonomic, conservation status and distribution information on taxa that have been globally evaluated using the IUCN Red List Categories and Criteria. This system is designed to determine the relative risk of extinction, and the main purpose of the IUCN Red List is to catalogue and highlight those taxa that are facing a higher risk of global extinction (i.e. those listed as Critically Endangered, Endangered and Vulnerable). The IUCN Red List also includes information on taxa that are categorized as Extinct or Extinct in the Wild; on taxa that cannot be evaluated because of insufficient information (i.e. are Data Deficient); and on taxa that are either close to meeting the threatened thresholds or that would be threatened were it not for an ongoing taxon-specific conservation programme (i.e. are Near Threatened).
Available from: http://www.iucnredlist.org/ [Accessed 25 May 2011]
28. IUCN/SSC Invasive Species Specialist Group (ISSG)., 2010. A Compilation of Information Sources for Conservation Managers.
        摘要： This compilation of information sources can be sorted on keywords for example: Baits & Lures, Non Target Species, Eradication, Monitoring, Risk Assessment, Weeds, Herbicides etc. This compilation is at present in Excel format, this will be web-enabled as a searchable database shortly. This version of the database has been developed by the IUCN SSC ISSG as part of an Overseas Territories Environmental Programme funded project XOT603 in partnership with the Cayman Islands Government - Department of Environment. The compilation is a work under progress, the ISSG will manage, maintain and enhance the database with current and newly published information, reports, journal articles etc.
29. James, R.E., and M.N. Clout, 1996. Nesting success of New Zealand pigeons (Hemiphaga novaeseelandiae) in response to a rat (Rattus rattus) poisoning programme at Wenderholm Regional Park. New Zealand Journal of Ecology 20(1): 45-51 ©New Zealand Ecological Society
        摘要： Available from: http://www.newzealandecology.org/nzje/free_issues/NZJEcol20_1_45.pdf [Accessed December 11 2007]
30. Johnson, M. S. 1945. Rodent control on Midway Islands. US Naval Medical Bulletin 45: 384–398.
31. Lorvelec, O., Delloue, X., Pascal, M., & mege, S. 2004. Impacts des mammiferes allochtones sur quelques especes autochtones de l'Isle Fajou (Reserve Naturelle du Grand Cul-de-sac Marin, Guadeloupe), etablis a l'issue d'une tentative d'eradication. Revue D'Ecologie - La Terre et La Vie 59(1-2): 293-307.
        摘要： French language. Information about impacts, eradication methodology, results and discussion in French.
32. Lovegrove, T. G., C. H. Zeiler, B. S. Greene, B. W. Green, R. Gaastra, and A. D. MacArthur., 2002. Alien plant and animal control and aspects of ecological restoration in a small 'mainland island': Wenderholm Regional Park, New Zealand. In Turning the tide: the eradication of invasive species : 155-163. Veitch, C.R. and Clout, M.N.(eds). IUCN SSC Invasive Species Specialist Group. IUCN. Gland. Switzerland and Cambridge. UK.
        摘要： Eradication case study in Turning the tide: the eradication of invasive species.
33. MacKay, J. W. B.; Russell, J. C. 2005. Ship rat Rattus rattus eradication by trapping and poison-baiting on Goat Island, New Zealand. Conservation Evidence, 2, 142-144.
        摘要： Available from: http://www.conservationevidence.com/Attachments/PDF242.pdf [Accessed 12 March 2010]
34. Marine Turtle Newsletter No. 106, 2004
        摘要： Describes the rat eradication on Sangalaki Is. as part of a green turtle (Chelonia mydas) conservation programme.
Available from: http://www.seaturtle.org/mtn/archives/mtn106/ [Accessed 19 February 2008]
35. McClelland, P.J., 2002. Eradication of Pacific rats (Rattus exulans) from Whenua Hou Nature Reserve (Codfish Island), Putauhinu and Rarotoka Islands, New Zealand. In Turning the tide: the eradication of invasive species: 173-181. Veitch, C.R. and Clout, M.N.(eds). IUCN SSC Invasive Species Specialist Group. IUCN. Gland. Switzerland and Cambridge. UK.
        摘要： Eradication case study in Turning the tide: the eradication of invasive species.
36. Megapode Newsletter Vol. 18, nr. 1 October 2004. BirdLife/WPA/SSC Megapode Specialist Group
        摘要： Describes observations and conservation through rat eradication.
37. Meier, G., 2003. InGrip-Report No.1, prepared for Turtle Foundation by InGrip-Consulting & Animal Control. Hauptstr. 1 - 82541 Ammerland, Germany.
        摘要： This report describes a successful rat eradication project on Sangalaki Island, East-Kalimantan in detail.
38. Merton., D, G., Climo, V. Laboudallon, S. Robert, and C. Mander., 2002. Alien mammal eradication and quarantine on inhabited islands in the Seychelles. In Turning the tide: the eradication of invasive species: 182-198. Veitch, C.R. and Clout, M.N.(eds). IUCN SSC Invasive Species Specialist Group. IUCN. Gland. Switzerland and Cambridge. UK.
        摘要： Eradication case study in Turning the tide: the eradication of invasive species.
39. Micol and Jouventin, 2002. Eradication of rats and rabbits from Saint-Paul Island. In Turning the tide: the eradication of invasive species: 199-205. Veitch, C.R. and Clout, M.N.(eds). IUCN SSC Invasive Species Specialist Group. IUCN. Gland. Switzerland and Cambridge. UK.
        摘要： Eradication case study in Turning the tide: the eradication of invasive species.
40. Mineau, Pierre; Richard, F. Shore; Robert, C. Hosea and ward, B. Stone., 2004. Towards a Risk Assessment of Second Generation Rodenticides: Do We have Enough Information to Proceed? Wildlife Damage Management, Internet Center for USDA National Wildlife Research Center -Staff Publications. 2nd National Invasive Rodent Summit.
        摘要： Available from: http://digitalcommons.unl.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1730&context=icwdm_usdanwrc [Accessed 19 February 2008]
41. Moors, P. J., Atkinson, I. A. E. and Sherley, G. H. 1992. Reducing the rat threat to island birds. Bird Conservation International 2: 93–114.
42. Morris, 2002. The eradication of the black rat (Rattus rattus) on Barrow and adjacent islands off the north-west coast of Western Australia. In Turning the tide: the eradication of invasive species : 219-225. Veitch, C.R. and Clout, M.N.(eds). IUCN SSC Invasive Species Specialist Group. IUCN. Gland. Switzerland and Cambridge. UK.
        摘要： Eradication case study in Turning the tide: the eradication of invasive species.
43. O'Connor, Cheryl E. and Charles, T. Eason., 2000. Rodent baits and delivery systems for island protection. SCIENCE FOR CONSERVATION 150
        摘要： Available from: http://www.doc.govt.nz/upload/documents/science-and-technical/sfc150.pdf [Accessed 19 February 2008]
44. Pacific Invasives Initiative (PII), 2006. Eradicating invasive species from Kayangel Atoll, Palau
        摘要： Available from: http://www.issg.org/cii/PII/demo/kayangel.html [Accessed 12 March 2010]
45. Pacific Invasives Initiative (PII), 2006. Mont Panié Mammal Control ‘Proof-of-Concept’ Project
        摘要： Available from: http://www.issg.org/cii/PII/demo/mtPanie.html [Accessed 12 March 2010]
46. Page, A and Meier, G., 2006. Rat-free habitat doubled in the Chagos Archipelago. Conservation News. 2006 FFI, Oryx, 40(3), 255–256
47. Recher, H. F. and Clark, S. S. 1974. A biological survey of Lord Howe Island with recommendations for conservation of the island’s wildlife. Biological Conservation 6: 263–273.
48. Robertson, H. A. Hay, J. R., Saul, E. K and McCormack, G.V. 1994. Recovery of the Kakerori: An Endangered Forest Bird of the Cook Islands, Conservation Biology 8 (4): 1078-1086.
49. Robertson, H.A., 2000. Conservation of kakerori (Pomarea dimidiata), Rarotonga. Conservation Advisory Science Notes No. 272, Department of Conservation, Wellington.
        摘要： Available from: http://www.doc.govt.nz/upload/documents/science-and-technical/casn272.pdf [Accessed 2 September 2008]
50. Robertson, H.A.; Saul, E.K. 2004: Conservation of kakerori (Pomarea dimidiata) on the Cook Islands in 2002/03. DOC Science Internal Series 167. Department of Conservation, Wellington. 16 p.
        摘要： Available from: http://www.doc.govt.nz/upload/documents/science-and-technical/dsis167.pdf [Accessed 2 September 2008]
51. Robertson, H.A.; Saul, E.K. 2005: Conservation of kakerori (Pomarea dimidiata) in the Cook Islands in 2003/04. DOC Research & Development Series 207. Department of Conservation, Wellington. 16 p.
        摘要： Available from: http://www.doc.govt.nz/upload/documents/science-and-technical/drds207.pdf [Accessed 2 September 2008]
52. Robertson, H.A.; Saul, E.K. 2006: Conservation of kakerori (Pomarea dimidiata) in the Cook Islands in 2004/05. DOC Research & Development Series 246. Department of Conservation, Wellington. 18 p.
        摘要： Available from: http://www.doc.govt.nz/upload/documents/science-and-technical/drds246.pdf [Accessed 2 September 2008]
53. Robertson, H.A.; Saul, E.K. 2007: Conservation of kakerori (Pomarea dimidiata) in the Cook Islands in 2005/06. DOC Research & Development Series 285. Department of Conservation, Wellington. 19 p.
        摘要： Available from: http://www.doc.govt.nz/upload/documents/science-and-technical/drds285.pdf [Accessed 2 September 2008]
54. Robertson, H.A.; Saul, E.K. 2008: Conservation of kakerori (Pomarea dimidiata) in the Cook Islands in 2006/07. DOC Research & Development Series 296. Department of Conservation, Wellington. 19 p.
        摘要： Available from: http://www.doc.govt.nz/upload/documents/science-and-technical/drds296.pdf [Accessed 2 September 2008]
55. Russell, James C., David R. Towns, Sandra H. Anderson and Mick N. Clout., 2005. Intercepting the first rat ashore. Brief communications Nature 437, 1107 (20 October 2005)
        摘要： Available from: http://www.nature.com/nature/journal/v437/n7062/pdf/4371107a.pdf [Accessed 19 February 2008]
56. Sommer, E. 2006. Trip report. Unpublished report to RSPB.
57. Sowls, A. L. and G. V. Byrd., 2002. Preventing rat introductions to the Pribilof Islands, Alaska, USA. In Turning the tide: the eradication of invasive species: 406 - 414 IUCN SSC Invasive Species Specialist Group. IUCN. Gland. Switzerland and Cambridge. UK.
        摘要： Eradication case study In Turning the tide: the eradication of invasive species.
58. Spurr, E.B., G.A. Morriss, J. Turner, C.E. O’Connor, P. Fisher., 2007. Bait station preferences of ship rats
        摘要： Available from: http://www.doc.govt.nz/upload/documents/science-and-technical/drds271.pdf [Accessed 19 June 2007]
59. Tershy, B. R., C. J. Donlan, B. S. Keitt, D. A. Croll, J. A. Sanchez, B. Wood, M. A. Hermosillo, G. R. Howald, and N. Biavaschi., 2002. Island conservation in north-west Mexico: a conservation model integrating research, education and exotic mammal eradication. In Turning the tide: the eradication of invasive species: 293-300. Veitch, C.R. and Clout, M.N.(eds). IUCN SSC Invasive Species Specialist Group. IUCN. Gland. Switzerland and Cambridge. UK.
        摘要： Eradication case study in Turning the tide: the eradication of invasive species.
60. The Garry Oak Ecosystems Recovery Team (GOERT)., 2007. Exotic vertebrate species in Garry oak and associated ecosystems in British Columbia
        摘要： Available from: http://www.goert.ca/pubs_invasive.php#vertebrate_species [Accessed 13 February 2008]
61. Varnham, K. 2006. Non-native species in UK Overseas Territories: a review. JNCC Report 372. Peterborough: United Kingdom.
        摘要： This database compiles information on alien species from British Overseas Territories.
Available from: http://www.jncc.gov.uk/page-3660 [Accessed 10 November 2009]
62. Varnham, K. J. & Meier G. G. 2007. Rdum tal-Madonna rat control project, December 2006 – March 2007, Final report. Unpublished report to BirdLife Malta & RSPB, 28pp.
63. Weihong, Ji.; C.R. Dick Veitch and John, L. Craig., 1999. An evaluation of the efficiency of rodent trapping methods: the effect of trap arrangement, cover type and bait. New Zealand Journal of Ecology (1999) 23(1): 45-51 ©New Zealand Ecological Society
        摘要： Available from: http://www.newzealandecology.org/nzje/free_issues/NZJEcol23_1_45.pdf [Accessed 19 February 2008]
         結果頁： 1

The Global Invasive Species Database is managed by the Invasive Species Specialist Group (ISSG) of the IUCN Species Survival Commission. It was developed as part of the global initiative on invasive species led by the Global Invasive Species Programme (GISP) and is supported through partnerships with the National Biological Information Infrastructure, Manaaki Whenua-Landcare Research and the University of Auckland. Conditions of use.