issg Database: 管理與資訊相關鏈接Oryctolagus cuniculus

Oryctolagus cuniculus (哺乳動物)

生態分佈管理影響 參考資料 聯繫

         管理資訊

管理方法包了圍捕、拆除養兔場、誘餌法、煙燻法以及利用多發性黏液瘤、兔類卡里西病毒與跳蚤的生物控制法。在奧克蘭群島(紐西蘭)的恩德比(Enderby)島(710公頃)、諾福克群島的菲利普(Phillip)島(190公頃)和模里西斯的圓(Round)島(151公頃)的一些島嶼上曾經消滅過兔類。恩德比島和圓島都是使用「可滅鼠」(Brodifacoum)作為毒餌。Merton在1987年詳細紀錄了圓島兔子對於餌料的喜好與接受度以及爬行動物對凝血毒的耐受性。Enderby and Rose Islands的成功經驗，也可以用在 Torr。(2002)
預防措施：意外地把兔子引進一個島，是不太可能的。他們相當容易在貨物或行李中發現，入港時嚴格監視，可避免大多數引入的嘗試。
物理方法：槍殺兔子是一個沒有效率的控制方法，但是槍殺不像毒殺，不會殺死兔子的掠食者，例如貓。在兔子與其它的草食動物一起出現的地方，後者的移除經常造成茂盛植物，不適於兔子的生長; 這能被用作兔子控制方法的一部分。
化學方法：在紐西蘭, 最常經由空氣將 1080化合物添加到胡蘿蔔或燕麥，成功完成毒殺。在小島上，急性毒素，例如磷、氰化物、士的寧與 1080化合物，都可能誤殺非目標物種。第二世代反凝結毒藥例如 brodifacoum 曾經成功地使用來對抗兔子，雖然經常必需使用防範措施以保護非目標物種(Flux 1993).
生物方法：在 1998 年，一種兔子出血性病病毒(RHD，以前叫作 RCD)，被非法引進紐西蘭。在一些地區它殺死許多兔子，但是是否長期繼續有效，仍有疑問。黏液瘤病，一種傳染性並經常致命的疾病，對兔子有專一性，有時可以建議作為兔子控制使用。這不只需要跳蚤或者蚊子當病媒，也會使受感染的動物引起相當多的痛苦。此外，此方法不太可能根除。Atkinson(SPREP 2000)並不推薦 RHD 或黏液瘤病在太平洋島嶼使用。Flux(1993)使用世界各地 607 個島嶼的樣本，研究各種兔子控制的方法。他發現很多島嶼用陷阱、槍擊與毒殺等傳統方法清除兔子，較少利用引入掠食者、競爭者或疾病.(SPREP, 2000)

         管理資源 /鏈接

1. Atkinson, I. A. E. and Atkinson, T. J. 2000. Land vertebrates as invasive species on islands served by the South Pacific Regional Environment Programme. In: Invasive Species in the Pacific: A Technical Review and Draft Regional Strategy. South Pacific Regional Environment Programme, Samoa: 19-84.
        摘要： This report reviews available information on the adverse effects of 14 alien vertebrates considered to be ‘significant invasive species' on islands of the South Pacific and Hawaii, supplementing the authors’ experience with that of other workers.
2. Bax, N., K. Hayes., A. Marshall., D. Parry., and R. Thresher., 2002. Man-made marinas as sheltered islands for alien marine organisms: Establishment and eradication of an alien invasive marine species. In Turning the tide: the eradication of invasive species: 14-18. IUCN SSC Invasive Species Specialist Group. IUCN. Gland. Switzerland and Cambridge. UK.
        摘要： Eradication case study in Turning the tide: the eradication of invasive species.
3. Bell, B.D. 2002. The eradication of alien mammals from five offshore islands, Mauritius, Indian Ocean. In Turning the tide: the eradication of invasive species: 40-45. IUCN SSC Invasive Species Specialist Group. IUCN. Gland. Switzerland and Cambridge. UK.
        摘要： Eradication case study in Turning the tide: the eradication of invasive species.
4. Bell, E. & Boyle, D. 2008. Rabbits on St Helena: assessment and advice on the rabbit situation in St Helena. EU South Atlantic Invasive Species Project.
5. Bomford, M., 2003. Risk Assessment for the Import and Keeping of Exotic Vertebrates in Australia. Bureau of Rural Sciences, Canberra.
        摘要： Available from: http://www.feral.org.au/wp-content/uploads/2010/03/PC12803.pdf [Accessed August 19 2010]
6. Bullock., D. J., S. G. North, M. E. Dulloo, and M. Thorsen., 2002. The impact of rabbit and goat eradication on the ecology of Round Island, Mauritius. In Turning the tide: the eradication of invasive species: 53-63. Veitch, C.R. and Clout, M.N.(eds). IUCN SSC Invasive Species Specialist Group. IUCN. Gland. Switzerland and Cambridge. UK.
        摘要： Eradication case study in Turning the tide: the eradication of invasive species.
7. Burbidge and Morris., 2002. Introduced mammal eradications for nature conservation on Western Australian islands: a review. In Turning the tide: the eradication of invasive species: 64-70. Veitch, C.R. and Clout, M.N.(eds). IUCN SSC Invasive Species Specialist Group. IUCN. Gland. Switzerland and Cambridge. UK.
        摘要： Available from: http://www.issg.org/database/species/reference_files/vulvul/Burbidge.pdf [Accessed 12 March 2003]
8. Courchamp, F., Chapuis, J.-L., and Pascal, M. 2003. Mammal invaders on islands: impact, control and control impact. Biological Reviews, 78: 347-383.
        摘要： Comprehensive review of impacts of mammals on islands using rabbits as a case study
9. Flux, J. E. C. 1993. Relative effect of cats, myxomatosis, traditional control, or competitors in removing rabbits from islands. New Zealand Journal of Zoology 20: 13–18.
10. Green, C. J., 2002. Restoration of tree weta (Orthoptrera: Anostostomatidae) to a modified island. In Turning the tide: the eradication of invasive species: 406 - 414. IUCN SSC Invasive Species Specialist Group. IUCN. Gland. Switzerland and Cambridge. UK.
        摘要： Eradication case study In Turning the tide: the eradication of invasive species.
11. IUCN/SSC Invasive Species Specialist Group (ISSG)., 2010. A Compilation of Information Sources for Conservation Managers.
        摘要： This compilation of information sources can be sorted on keywords for example: Baits & Lures, Non Target Species, Eradication, Monitoring, Risk Assessment, Weeds, Herbicides etc. This compilation is at present in Excel format, this will be web-enabled as a searchable database shortly. This version of the database has been developed by the IUCN SSC ISSG as part of an Overseas Territories Environmental Programme funded project XOT603 in partnership with the Cayman Islands Government - Department of Environment. The compilation is a work under progress, the ISSG will manage, maintain and enhance the database with current and newly published information, reports, journal articles etc.
12. Kirkpatrick, Win; Amanda Page and Marion Massam, August 2008, European Rabbit (Oryctolagus cuniculus) risk assessment for Australia. Department of Agriculture and Food, Western Australia
        摘要： Models for assessing the risk that exotic vertebrates could establish in Australia have been developed for mammals, birds (Bomford 2003; Bomford 2006, 2008), reptiles and amphibians (Bomford 2006, 2008; Bomford et al. 2005). These Risk Assessment models have been further explored by Western Australia Department of Agriculture & Food (DAFWA) to confirm that they reasonably predict public safety, establishment and pest risks across a full range of exotic species and risk levels. Mammals and birds were assessed for the pest risk they pose if introduced to Australia, by calculating Vertebrate Pests Committee (VPC) Threat Categories. These categories incorporate risk of establishing populations in the wild, risk of causing public harm, and risk of becoming a pest (eg causing agricultural damage, competing with native fauna, etc). The 7-factor Australian Bird and Mammal Model was used for these assessments.
13. Massam M, Kirkpatrick W and Page A., 2010. Assessment and prioritisation of risk for forty introduced animal species. Invasive Animals Cooperative Research Centre, Canberra.
        摘要： This report documents work contributing to a project commissioned by the Invasive Animals Cooperative Research Centre to validate and refine risk assessment models used in decisions to import and manage introduced vertebrate species. The intent of the project was to: a) increase predictive accuracy, scientific validation and adoption of risk assessment models for the import and keeping of exotic vertebrates, and b) reduce the risk of new vertebrate pests establishing introduced populations in Australia.
Available from: http://www.feral.org.au/wp-content/uploads/2010/08/DAFWA_RA_060510.pdf [Accessed 16 March 2011]
14. Merton, D. 1987. Eradication of rabbits from Round Island, Mauritius: a conservation success story. Dodo, Journal of the Jersey Wildlife Preservation Trust 24: 19–44.
15. Merton., D, G., Climo, V. Laboudallon, S. Robert, and C. Mander., 2002. Alien mammal eradication and quarantine on inhabited islands in the Seychelles. In Turning the tide: the eradication of invasive species: 182-198. Veitch, C.R. and Clout, M.N.(eds). IUCN SSC Invasive Species Specialist Group. IUCN. Gland. Switzerland and Cambridge. UK.
        摘要： Eradication case study in Turning the tide: the eradication of invasive species.
16. Micol and Jouventin, 2002. Eradication of rats and rabbits from Saint-Paul Island. In Turning the tide: the eradication of invasive species: 199-205. Veitch, C.R. and Clout, M.N.(eds). IUCN SSC Invasive Species Specialist Group. IUCN. Gland. Switzerland and Cambridge. UK.
        摘要： Eradication case study in Turning the tide: the eradication of invasive species.
17. Miller, C. 2008.Increasing regional capacity to reduce the impacts of invasive species on the South Atlantic United Kingdom Overseas Territories, Volume 2. Interim Report 2, European Commission.
18. Moseby, K.E., De Jong, S., Munro, N. and Pieck, A. 2005. Home range, activity and habitat use of European rabbits (Oryctolagus cuniculus) in arid Australia: implications for control. Wildlife Research 32: 305-311.
        摘要： In addition to investigating home range and habitat use the authors also investigated how many radio-collared rabbits were killed using different control methods at their home warren.
19. Ojeda, P et al., 2003. Erradicacion Del Conejo Europeo Oryctolagus cuniculus Linnaeus, 1758 Desde La Isla Santa Clara Archipelago De Juan Fernandez.
        摘要： Report on Rabbit Eradication- Santa Clara (De Juan Fernandez Archipelago).
20. Pacific Invasives Initiative (PII), 2006. Phoenix Islands Conservation Survey, Kiribati.
        摘要： Available from: http://www.issg.org/cii/PII/demo/phoenix.html [Accessed 12 March 2010]
21. Parks and Wildlife Service. 2006. Macquarie Island Nature Reserve and World Heritage Area Management Plan 2006. Parks and Wildlife Service, Department of Tourism, Arts and the Environment, Hobart.
22. Rippey, E. J. J. Rippey and N. Dunlop., 2002. Management of indigenous and alien Malvaceae on islands near Perth, Western Australia. In Turning the tide: the eradication of invasive species: 381-388. Veitch, C.R. and Clout, M.N.(eds). IUCN SSC Invasive Species Specialist Group. IUCN. Gland. Switzerland and Cambridge. UK.
        摘要： Case study in Turning the tide: the eradication of invasive species.
23. Tasman District Council (TDC) 2001. Tasman-Nelson Regional Pest Management Strategy
24. Tershy, B. R., C. J. Donlan, B. S. Keitt, D. A. Croll, J. A. Sanchez, B. Wood, M. A. Hermosillo, G. R. Howald, and N. Biavaschi., 2002. Island conservation in north-west Mexico: a conservation model integrating research, education and exotic mammal eradication. In Turning the tide: the eradication of invasive species : 293-300. Veitch, C.R. and Clout, M.N.(eds). IUCN SSC Invasive Species Specialist Group. IUCN. Gland. Switzerland and Cambridge. UK.
        摘要： Eradication case study in Turning the tide: the eradication of invasive species.
25. The Garry Oak Ecosystems Recovery Team (GOERT)., 2007. Exotic vertebrate species in Garry oak and associated ecosystems in British Columbia
        摘要： Available from: http://www.goert.ca/pubs_invasive.php#vertebrate_species [Accessed 13 February 2008]
26. Torr, 2002. Eradication of rabbits and mice from subantarctic Enderby and Rose Islands. In Turning the tide: the eradication of invasive species: 311-318. Veitch, C.R. and Clout, M.N.(eds). IUCN SSC Invasive Species Specialist Group. IUCN. Gland. Switzerland and Cambridge. UK.
        摘要： Eradication case study in Turning the tide: the eradication of invasive species.
27. Towns, 2002. Interactions between geckos, honeydew scale insects and host plants revealed on islands in northern New Zealand, following eradication of rats and rabbits. In Turning the tide: the eradication of invasive species: 319-328. Veitch, C.R. and Clout, M.N.(eds). IUCN SSC Invasive Species Specialist Group. IUCN. Gland. Switzerland and Cambridge. UK.
        摘要： Eradication case study in Turning the tide: the eradication of invasive species.
28. Varnham, K. 2006. Non-native species in UK Overseas Territories: a review. JNCC Report 372. Peterborough: United Kingdom.
        摘要： This database compiles information on alien species from British Overseas Territories.
Available from: http://www.jncc.gov.uk/page-3660 [Accessed 10 November 2009]
29. Veitch, C. R., 2002a. Eradication of Norway rats (Rattus norvegicus) and house mouse (Mus musculus) from Motuihe Island, New Zealand In Turning the tide: the eradication of invasive species: 381-388. Veitch, C.R. and Clout, M.N.(eds). IUCN SSC Invasive Species Specialist Group. IUCN. Gland. Switzerland and Cambridge. UK.
        摘要： Eradication case study in Turning the tide: the eradication of invasive species.
30. Veitch, C. R., 2002b. Eradication of Pacific rats (Rattus exulans) from Tiri Matangi Island, Hauraki Gulf, New Zealand. In Turning the tide: the eradication of invasive species: 381-388. Veitch, C.R. and Clout, M.N.(eds). IUCN SSC Invasive Species Specialist Group. IUCN. Gland. Switzerland and Cambridge. UK.
        摘要： Eradication case study in Turning the tide: the eradication of invasive species.
31. Veitch, C. R., 2002c. Eradication of Norway rats (Rattus norvegicus) and house mouse (Mus musculus) from Browns Island (Motukorea), Hauraki Gulf, New Zealand. In Turning the tide: the eradication of invasive species: 381-388. Veitch, C.R. and Clout, M.N.(eds). IUCN SSC Invasive Species Specialist Group. IUCN. Gland. Switzerland and Cambridge. UK.
        摘要： Eradication case study in Turning the tide: the eradication of invasive species.
32. Williams 1995. Managing Vertebrate Pests: Rabbits. CSIRO. Australian Government Publishing Service, Canberra.
        摘要： A management handbook for rabbits in Australia.
33. Zavaleta, E.S., 2002. It's often better to eradicate, but can we eradicate better? In Turning the tide: the eradication of invasive species: 381-388. Veitch, C.R. and Clout, M.N.(eds). IUCN SSC Invasive Species Specialist Group. IUCN. Gland. Switzerland and Cambridge. UK.
         結果頁： 1

The Global Invasive Species Database is managed by the Invasive Species Specialist Group (ISSG) of the IUCN Species Survival Commission. It was developed as part of the global initiative on invasive species led by the Global Invasive Species Programme (GISP) and is supported through partnerships with the National Biological Information Infrastructure, Manaaki Whenua-Landcare Research and the University of Auckland. Conditions of use.