issg Database: 管理與資訊相關鏈接Clematis vitalba

Clematis vitalba (藤本植物，攀援植物)

生態分佈管理影響 參考資料 聯繫

         管理資訊

物理方法：紐西蘭早期控制方法為割除後施用化學藥劑，後來引進綿羊放牧，以幫助控制再生(奧格爾等人, 2000)。可以在冬天挖掉基莖或根，幼苗可以用人工拔除(馬丁, 2001)。
化學方法：各種化學控制方法已被用於處理在紐西蘭的葡萄葉鐵線蓮(Clematis vitalba)。這些措施包括在1970年代使用割除後施用 2,4,5-T，與結合 2,4,5-T和多膜滲透。在1990年代 1980年代，1990年代，在泰哈皮控制葡萄葉鐵線蓮(Clematis vitalba)使用草甘膦與羊放牧控制再生。2%草甘膦，可在冬季砍筏後的春季用來控制新苗生長，可噴和種穗s與甲磺隆或草甘膦。
生物方法：希爾等人(2001)報告說：有鑑於)1970年代紐西蘭葡萄葉鐵線蓮(Clematis vitalba造成的損害，首次由Syrett(1984)提出了生物控制法。尋找歐洲的昆蟲生物控制劑於 1989年開始當國際生物控制研究所(IIBC)在德萊蒙，瑞士，彙編了文獻回顧，並開始實地調查，以找出歐洲中部會攻擊鐵線蓮的昆蟲。記錄了81種植食性物種，其中包括3種1昆蟲，4種?，4種線蟲，被視為單一食性或寡食性(Groppe, 1991年Wittenberg & Groppe, 1991, 1992)。四種Phytomyza屬的昆蟲(雙翅目：潛蠅科)，會挖鐵線蓮的葉片和芽，被列入這一名單。不具有最專一宿主的Phytomyza vitalbae被選定為進一步研究，因為它是歐洲偶而常見的唯一物種“。希爾等人(2001)進一步報告說：Phytomyza vitalbae有一個風險，它會將同時攻擊紐西蘭本土和園藝用的鐵線蓮。然而，這裡強烈的結果顯示，非目標植物重大損害的風險是微不足道的, 1996年紐西蘭開始釋放Phytomyza vitalbae。它在29個釋放點中, 20個釋放點，成功建立族群，而且族群生長迅速。15個月內他們已經蔓延5公里之遠“。不過在紐西蘭目前尚無資料可以考證Phytomyza vitalbae是否成功地摧毀葡萄葉鐵線蓮(Clematis vitalba)。

         管理資源 /鏈接

1. Alien Species in Poland 2006 Clematis vitalba
        摘要： Available from: http://www.iop.krakow.pl/ias/Gatunek.aspx?spID=71 [Accessed 18 March 2010]
2. Bungard, R. A., A. Wingler, J. D. Morton, M. Andrews, M. C. Press, and J. D. Scholes. 1999. Ammonium can stimulate nitrate and nitrite reductase in the absence of nitrate in Clematis vitalba. Plant, Cell and Environment 22: 859-866.
        摘要： Background information on species, and its growth patterns.
3. Environment Waikato. 2002. Old Man’s Beard (Clematis vitalba).
4. European and Mediterranean Plant Protection Organization (EPPO), 2006. Guidelines for the management of invasive alien plants or potentially invasive alien plants which are intended for import or have been intentionally imported. EPPO Bulletin 36 (3), 417-418.
5. Gourlay, A. H., R. Wittenberg, R. L. Hill, A. G. Spiers and S. V. Fowler, 1999.The Biological Control Programme against Clematis vitalba in New Zealand. Proceedings of the X International Symposium on Biological Control of Weeds 4-14 July 1999, Montana State University, Bozeman, Montana, USA Neal R. Spencer [ed.]. pp. 709-718 (2000)
        摘要： Available from: http://www.landcareresearch.co.nz/publications/researchpubs/bioogical_control_clematis_gourlay_20000.pdf [Accessed 26 June 2009]
6. Hill, R. L., r. Wittenberg, and A. H. Gourlay. 2001. Biology and Host Range of Phytomyza vitalbae and its Establishment for the Biological Control of Clematis vitalba in New Zealand. Biocontrol Science and Technology 11: 459-473
        摘要： Biological control of species.
7. Martin, T. 2001.Clematis vitalba . Wildland Invasive Species Team, The Nature Conservancy.
8. National Pest Plant Accord, 2001. Biosecurity New Zealand.
        摘要： The National Pest Plant Accord is a cooperative agreement between regional councils and government departments with biosecurity responsibilities. Under the accord, regional councils will undertake surveillance to prevent the commercial sale and/or distribution of an agreed list of pest plants.
Available from: http://www.biosecurity.govt.nz/pests-diseases/plants/accord.htm [Accessed 11 August 2005]
9. New Zealand Plant Conservation Network, 2005. Unwanted Organisms. Factsheet Clematis vitalba
10. Ogle, C. C., G. D. La Cock, G. Arnold, and N. Mickleson. 2000. Impact of an exotic vine Clematis vitalba (F. Ranunculaceae) and of control measures on plant biodiversity in indigenous forest, Taihape, New Zealand. Austral Ecology 25: 539-551
        摘要： Information on impacts of the species on indigenous forest in New Zealand - forest structure, plant species composition (especially impacts of threatened endemic plant species); history of arrival and spread and of past attempts to control the species; future management suggestions.
11. Royal New Zealand Institute of Horticulture (RNZIH), 2005. Old man's beard Clematis vitalba
        摘要： Available from: http://www.rnzih.org.nz/pages/nppa_066.pdf [Accessed 1 October 2005]
12. Tasman District Council (TDC) 2001. Tasman-Nelson Regional Pest Management Strategy
13. Timmins, S. M. and H. Braithwaite, 2002. Early detection of invasive weeds on islands. In Turning the tide: the eradication of invasive species: 311-318. Veitch, C.R. and Clout, M.N.(eds). IUCN SSC Invasive Species Specialist Group. IUCN. Gland. Switzerland and Cambridge. UK.
        摘要： Eradication case study in Turning the tide: the eradication of invasive species.
14. Timmins, S.M. 1995. Community groups and weed control for conservation in New Zealand. In: Nature conservation 4: the role of networks (eds D Saunders, J.L. Craig & E.M. Mattiske) pp. 433-50. Surrey Beatty and Sons, Sydney
        摘要： Information and case studies on use of public in control of Clematis vitalba in NZ
15. Ward, B. and Henzell, R. 1999. Gel pruning for the control of invasive vines. ConScience, Department of Conservation, New Zealand.
        摘要： Gel pruning is being investigated as an environmentally friendly and effective chemical application system for selectively killing invasive vines.
16. Washington State Noxious Weed Control Board. 2003. Old Man's Beard (Clematis vitalba L.). Washington State Department of Agriculture.
        摘要： Information on description, economic importance, distribution, habitat, history, growth, and impacts and management of species.
Available from: http://www.nwcb.wa.gov/weed_info/clematis.html [Accessed 08 September 2004]
         結果頁： 1

The Global Invasive Species Database is managed by the Invasive Species Specialist Group (ISSG) of the IUCN Species Survival Commission. It was developed as part of the global initiative on invasive species led by the Global Invasive Species Programme (GISP) and is supported through partnerships with the National Biological Information Infrastructure, Manaaki Whenua-Landcare Research and the University of Auckland. Conditions of use.