管理信息
物理方法：纽西兰早期控制方法为割除后施用化学药剂，后来引进绵羊放牧，以帮助控制再生(奥格尔等人, 2000)。可以在冬天挖掉基茎或根，幼苗可以用人工拔除(马丁, 2001)。化学方法：各种化学控制方法已被用于处理在纽西兰的葡萄叶铁线莲(Clematis vitalba)。这些措施包括在1970年代使用割除后施用 2,4,5-T，与结合 2,4,5-T和多膜渗透。在1990年代 1980年代，1990年代，在泰哈皮控制葡萄叶铁线莲(Clematis vitalba)使用草甘膦与羊放牧控制再生。2%草甘膦，可在冬季砍筏后的春季用来控制新苗生长，可喷和种穗s与甲磺隆或草甘膦。 生物方法：希尔等人(2001)报告说：有鉴于)1970年代纽西兰葡萄叶铁线莲(Clematis vitalba造成的损害，首次由Syrett(1984)提出了生物控制法。寻找欧洲的昆虫生物控制剂于 1989年开始当国际生物控制研究所(IIBC)在德莱蒙，瑞士，汇编了文献回顾，并开始实地调查，以找出欧洲中部会攻击铁线莲的昆虫。记录了81种植食性物种 ，其中包括3种1昆虫，4种?，4种线虫，被视为 单一食性或寡食性(Groppe, 1991年Wittenberg & Groppe, 1991, 1992)。四种Phytomyza属的昆虫(双翅目：潜蝇科)，会挖铁线莲的叶片和芽，被列入这一名单。不具有最专一宿主的Phytomyza vitalbae被选定为进一步研究，因为它是欧洲偶而常见的唯一物种“。希尔等人(2001)进一步报告说：Phytomyza vitalbae有一个风险，它会将同时攻击纽西兰本土和园艺用的铁线莲。然而，这里强烈的结果显示，非目标植物重大损害的风险是微不足道的, 1996年纽西兰开始释放Phytomyza vitalbae。它在29个释放点中, 20个释放点，成功建立族群，而且族群生长迅速。15个月内他们已经蔓延5公里之远“。不过在纽西兰目前尚无数据可以考证Phytomyza vitalbae是否成功地摧毁葡萄叶铁线莲(Clematis vitalba)。  
地点特有的管理信息Hawke's Bay Region (North Island)
Ogle et al. (2000) offer a history of New Zealand control of C. vitalba up until 1996. The authors state that, "The local council [of Taihape] kept C. vitalba under control prior to 1962 but then abandoned it (West, 1992). Another 18 months of control occurred in 1972-73 until finances ran out. This control consisted of cutting vines anywhere between ground level and 1 m up and painting the cut stumps, up to 200 mm diameter, with 2,4,5-T ( Smith 1984). The same control techniques were used in 1975 for a short period but funds were soon exhausted again. Control began again in 1976 in areas of relatively light infestation. Some young vines were killed successfully by spraying with a combination of 2,4,5-T and Multi-film penetrant ( Smith 1984). Beginning in 1989-90, staff of the Manawatu Wanganui Regional Council undertook a systematic programme of C. vitalba control in the reserve. The area was divided into management units, each of about 16 ha, and one unit was targeted for C. vitalba control per year, using glyphosate spray. The use of sheep to eat C. vitalba regrowth and seedlings was a new element in this control. Ogle et al. (2000) offer their own revised strategy for C. vitalba control in New Zealand. The authors suggest removing all mature C. vitalba vines from the reserve and its surrounds and to control subsequent C. vitalba regeneration without the use of sheep. Maud Is.
C. vitalba was present on Maud Island as just a few widely separated plants which were pulled out whenever found. Since then, control has been opportunistic and the plant is difficult to identify in the increasingly dense scrub. In 2001, formal control efforts were made (Timmins and Braithwaite, 2002). Nelson
C. vitalba has been designated as a 'Progressive control pest' by the the Tasman-Nelson Regional Pest Management Strategy. The strategy has its effect over the combined area that lies within the administrative boundaries of the Tasman District Council and Nelson City Council. The objective of the strategy is to reduce the distribution and density of C. vitalba in the Golden Bay/Kaiterteri and Buller Catchment areas. For the rest of the Tasman-Nelson region, the Councils will focus on providing advice to the public on the management and control, continue investment in biocontrol agents, and carry out control at sites of high public value. The Tasman District Council will also trial different riparian management regimes including the use of poplars and controlled grazing to determine their suitability for managing C. vitalba. Please see Hierarchy of Plant Designations for an explanation of designation terminology. New Zealand
C. vitalba is probably the most publicised environmental weed in New Zealand, and community groups, government departments, local authorities, schools and paid contractors have tackled infestations over large and small areas, either mechanically or chemically (Timmins, 1995). Poland
There is a need to control the spread of this species. Some control options are: removing (digging out or cutting) all individuals in protected areas, preferably before the onset of flowering, and burning the remains outside protected areas. Taranaki Region (North Island)
C. vitalba is classified as a 'Containment pest plant' in the The Pest Management Strategy for Taranaki. 'Containment pest plants' are pest plants that are abundant in suitable habitats in a region or part of a region and for which the long-term goal is to prevent the spread of the plant to new areas or to neighbouring properties.
Each pest plant has a management programme according to its designation. These programmes are summarised in the series of bulletins 'Pest Plant Facts'. Please see old man's beard: C. vitalba for pest plant facts and management programmes. Tasman District
C. vitalba has been designated as a 'Progressive control pest' by the the Tasman-Nelson Regional Pest Management Strategy. The strategy has its effect over the combined area that lies within the administrative boundaries of the Tasman District Council and Nelson City Council. The objective of the strategy is to reduce the distribution and density of C. vitalba in the Golden Bay/Kaiterteri and Buller Catchment areas. For the rest of the Tasman-Nelson region, the Councils will focus on providing advice to the public on the management and control, continue investment in biocontrol agents, and carry out control at sites of high public value. The Tasman District Council will also trial different riparian management regimes including the use of poplars and controlled grazing to determine their suitability for managing C. vitalba. Please see Hierarchy of Plant Designations for an explanation of designation terminology.
管理资源 /链接
2. Bungard, R. A., A. Wingler, J. D. Morton, M. Andrews, M. C. Press, and J. D. Scholes. 1999. Ammonium can stimulate nitrate and nitrite reductase in the absence of nitrate in Clematis vitalba. Plant, Cell and Environment 22: 859-866.
摘要： Background information on species, and its growth patterns. 3. Environment Waikato. 2002. Old Man’s Beard (Clematis vitalba). 6. Hill, R. L., r. Wittenberg, and A. H. Gourlay. 2001. Biology and Host Range of Phytomyza vitalbae and its Establishment for the Biological Control of Clematis vitalba in New Zealand. Biocontrol Science and Technology 11: 459-473
摘要： Biological control of species. 7. Martin, T. 2001.Clematis vitalba . Wildland Invasive Species Team, The Nature Conservancy. 8. National Pest Plant Accord, 2001. Biosecurity New Zealand.
摘要： The National Pest Plant Accord is a cooperative agreement between regional councils and government departments with biosecurity responsibilities. Under the accord, regional councils will undertake surveillance to prevent the commercial sale and/or distribution of an agreed list of pest plants.
Available from: http://www.biosecurity.govt.nz/pests-diseases/plants/accord.htm [Accessed 11 August 2005] 9. New Zealand Plant Conservation Network, 2005. Unwanted Organisms. Factsheet Clematis vitalba 12. Tasman District Council (TDC) 2001. Tasman-Nelson Regional Pest Management Strategy 14. Timmins, S.M. 1995. Community groups and weed control for conservation in New Zealand. In: Nature conservation 4: the role of networks (eds D Saunders, J.L. Craig & E.M. Mattiske) pp. 433-50. Surrey Beatty and Sons, Sydney
摘要： Information and case studies on use of public in control of Clematis vitalba in NZ 15. Ward, B. and Henzell, R. 1999. Gel pruning for the control of invasive vines. ConScience, Department of Conservation, New Zealand.
摘要： Gel pruning is being investigated as an environmentally friendly and effective chemical application system for selectively killing invasive vines. 结果页： 1
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