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   Cyperus rotundus (莎草)  English   
生態 分佈 管理 影響 參考資料 聯繫


         管理資訊

    物理方法：在封閉樹冠層下，香附子(Cyperus rotundus)會被抑制。也許可以使用塑膠片覆蓋，或種植競爭性作物加以控制。人工除草，砍筏和翻土在土壤乾燥時有效。放牧家禽和豬可提供控制(斯瓦布里克1997， PIER 1999)。豬被認為是文化控制系統的一部分。例如，至少早在1968年，在巴拿馬工作的John L. Hammerton就建議使用豬作為控制方法。帛琉和美國也提倡使用雞和鵝作為控制方法(PestNet 2009)。

    化學方法：香附子(C. rotundus)對熏蒸劑(包括甲基溴，DD和氯化苦)，殘效性除草劑(包括除草定，EPTC，hexazinone，terbacil，pebulate和vernolat)和轉移性除草劑(包括草甘膦，amitrole，DSMA，MSMA和2,4-D)很敏感；控制效果經常令人失望(斯瓦布里克1997， PIER 1999)。CSIRO報告說，在棉花田中，於季節初(9月/ 10月)使用人工噴霧器(以避免漂移)噴灑草甘膦(混合溶液)。其次，在雨後使用人工割除(不是常用的方法)。一旦種植棉花，使用拖拉機後面的大型噴霧器，定期噴灑草甘膦。問題是，當天氣轉濕，無法即時噴灑草甘膦時，香附子會競爭淘汰掉棉花(11月/ 12月)。目前有一個野外控制計劃，使用化學品如森普拉(halosulfuron-methyl)和Zoliar(達草滅)(PestNet 2009)。
    1993年至1995年進行的田野研究，目的是評估使用 MON-12051(磺脲類化合物)來控制草坪上的香附子。MON-12051效果勝過bentazon和 imazaquinn，可控制黃色和紫色香附子，不會損害理想的草坪物種。處理後六個星期，紫香附子平均控制率96%(使用imazaqiun只有42%)。 English   



         管理資源 /鏈接

    1. Bangarwa, S.K., Norsworthy, J.K. Jha, P., Malik, M. 2008. Purple nutsedge (Cyperus rotundus) management in an organic production system, Weed Science 56(4): 606-613.
    2. Brecke, B.J., Stephenson, D.O., Unruh, J. B. 2005. Control of purple nutsedge (Cyperus rotundus) with herbicides and mowing, Weed Technology 19(4): 809-814.
    3. Charudattan, R. & A. Dinoor. 2000. Biological control of weeds using plant pathogens: accomplishments and limitations, Crop Protection 19: 691-695.
    4. Chase, C.A, Stall, W.M., Simonne, E.H., Hochmuth, R.C., Dukes, M.D. & Weiss, W. 2006. Nutsedge control with drip-applied 1,3-dichloropropene plus chloropicrin in a sandy soil, HortTechnology 16(4): 641-648.
    5. Cullen, J.M., Briese, D.T. Kriticos, D.J., Lonsdale, W.M., Morin, L. and Scott, J.K. eds, 2004. Proceedings of the XI International Symposium on Biological Control of Weeds. CSIRO Entomology, Canberra, Australia, 648 pp.
    6. Czarnota, Mark A. and S. Wayne Bingham. 1997. Control of yellow and purple nutsedges (Cyperus esculentus and Cyperus rotundus) in turfgrass with MON-12051, Weed Technology 11 (3): 460 - 465.
            摘要： Abstract: Field studies were conducted from 1993 to 1995 to evaluate MON-12051 for turfgrass tolerance and control of yellow and purple nutsedges. The availability of herbicides for selective control of these weeds in turfgrass is limited. A sulfonylurea compound, MON-12051, has recently been developed for selective control of the nutsedges in turfgrass. When MON-12051 was applied at 0.07 to 0.14 kg ai/ha, the injury to Kentucky bluegrass, tall fescue, bermudagrass, and zoysiagrass was slight, with a maximum of 10% injury. At these rates, MON-12051 outperformed both bentazon and imazaquin in controlling yellow and purple nutsedges. Averaged over all tests 6 wk after treatment, yellow nutsedge control with MON-12051 was 83%. Control averaged 44% during the same period when treated with bentazon, whether applied once at 2.24 kg ai/ha or twice at 1.12 kg ai/ha. Purple nutsedge control averaged 96% when treated with MON-12051 in Kentucky bluegrass, while control was 42% with imazaquin applied at 0.19 and 0.43 kg ai/ha.
    7. E.N. Rosskopf, C.B. Yandoc, J.B. Kadir & R. Charudattan. 2004. Evaluation of Dactylaria higginsii as a component in an integrated approach to pest management. In: Proceedings of the XI International Symposium on Biological Control of Weeds (eds Cullen, J.M., Briese, D.T. Kriticos, D.J., Lonsdale, W.M., Morin, L. and Scott, J.K.), pp. 351–352. CSIRO Entomology, Canberra, Australia.
    8. Ellison, C.A. & R.W. Barreto. 2004. Prospects for the management of invasive alien weeds using co-evolved fungal pathogens: a Latin American perspective Biological Invasions 6: 23-45.
    9. Fowler, S.V., S. Ganeshan, J. Mauremootoo & Y. Mungroo. 2000. Biological Control of Weeds in Mauritius: Past Successes Revisited and Present Challenges. In: Proceedings of the X International Symposium on Biological Control of Weeds 4-14 July 1999, Montana State University, Bozeman, Montana, USA. Neal R. Spencer [ed.]: 43-50.
    10. Iqbal, J., Cheema, Z.A.& An, M. 2008. Purple Nutsedge (Cyperus rotundus L) management in cotton with combined application of Sorgaab and S-Metolachlor, Pakistan Journal of Botany 40(6): 2383-2391.
    11. IUCN/SSC Invasive Species Specialist Group (ISSG)., 2010. A Compilation of Information Sources for Conservation Managers.
            摘要： This compilation of information sources can be sorted on keywords for example: Baits & Lures, Non Target Species, Eradication, Monitoring, Risk Assessment, Weeds, Herbicides etc. This compilation is at present in Excel format, this will be web-enabled as a searchable database shortly. This version of the database has been developed by the IUCN SSC ISSG as part of an Overseas Territories Environmental Programme funded project XOT603 in partnership with the Cayman Islands Government - Department of Environment. The compilation is a work under progress, the ISSG will manage, maintain and enhance the database with current and newly published information, reports, journal articles etc.
    12. Morales-Payan, J.P., R. Charudattan, W.M. Stall & J.T. DeValerio. 2004. Assessment of Dactylaria higginsii as a postemergence bioherbicide for purple nutsedge (Cyperus rotundus) in bell pepper (Capsicum annuum). In: Proceedings of the XI International Symposium on Biological Control of Weeds (eds Cullen, J.M., Briese, D.T. Kriticos, D.J., Lonsdale, W.M., Morin, L. and Scott, J.K.), pp. 351–352. CSIRO Entomology, Canberra, Australia.
    13. Norsworthy, J.K., Malik, M.S., Jha, P. & Oliveira, M.J., 2006. Effects of isothiocyanates on purple (Cyperus rotundus L.) and yellow nutsedge (Cyperus esculentus L.), Weed Biology & Management 6(3): 131-138.
    14. Ou, Z., M. Leigh, T., Stephen H., Schroeder, J. & Libbin, J. 2008. Nutsedge Counts Predict Meloidogyne incognita Juvenile Counts in an Integrated Management System, Journal of Nematology 40< JUN 2008. 99-108.
    16. Pemberton, R.W. 2000. Predictable risk to native plants in weed biological control, Oecologia 125: 489-494.
    17. Phatak, S.C., M.B. Callaway & C.S. Vavrina. 1987. Biological Control and Its Integration in Weed Management Systems for Purple and Yellow Nutsedge (Cyperus rotundus and C. esculentus), Weed Technology 1(1): pp. 84-91.
    18. Ratiarson, O. & Falisse, A. 2006. New ploughing effects on Cyperus rotundus L. tubers in New Caledonia. I. Effects of rotary hoe and circular spike harrow, Tropicultura 24(3): 169-174.
    19. Ratiarson, O. & Falisse, A. 2007. New ploughing effects on Cyperus rotundus l. tubers in New Caledonia. II. viability of half-tubers, Tropicultura 25(1): 12-15.
    20. Rogers, H. H.; Runion, G. B.; Prior, S. A.; Price, A. J.; Torbert, H. A.; Gjerstad, D. H. 2008. Effects of elevated atmospheric CO2 on invasive plants: Comparison of purple and yellow nutsedge (Cyperus rotundus L. and C. esculentus L.). Journal of Environmental Quality. 37(2). MAR-APR 2008. 395-400.
    21. Santos, B.M. 2009. Drip-applied metam potassium and herbicides as methyl bromide alternatives for Cyperus control in tomato, Crop Protection 28: 68-71.
    22. Santos, B.M., J.P. Gilreath, T.N. Motis, M. von Hulten & M.N. Siham. 2006. Effects of Mulch Types and Concentrations of 1,3 Dichloropropene plus Chloropicrin on Fumigant Retention and Nutsedge Contro, HortTechnology 16(4).
    23. Suwunnamek, U. & C. Parker. 1975. Control of Cyperus rotundus with glyphosate: the influence of ammonium sulphate and other additives, Weed Research 15: 13-19.
    24. Travlos, I.S., Economou, G., Kotoulas, V.E., Kanatas, P.J., Kontogeorgos, A.N. & Karamanos, A.I. 2009. Potential effects of diurnally alternating temperatures and solarization on purple nutsedge (Cyperus rotundus) tuber sprouting, Journal of Arid Environments 73(1): 22-25.
    25. Warren Jr. & H.D. Coble. 1999. Managing Purple Nutsedge (Cyperus rotundus) Populations Utilizing Herbicide Strategies and Crop Rotation Sequences' L.S., Weed Technology 13: 494-503.
    26. Webster, T.M. 2005a. Patch Expansion of Purple Nutsedge (Cyperus rotundus) and Yellow Nutsedge (Cyperus esculentus) with and without Polyethylene Mulch, Weed Science 53(6): 839-845.
    27. Webster, T.M. 2005b. Mulch type affects growth and tuber production of yellow nutsedge (Cyperus esculentus) and purple nutsedge (Cyperus rotundus) , Weed Science 53(6): 834-838.
    28. Webster, T.M., T.L. Grey, J.W. Davis & A.S. Culpepper. 2008. Glyphosate Hinders Purple Nutsedge (Cyperus rotundus) and Yellow Nutsedge (Cyperus esculentus) Tuber Production, Weed Science 56: 735-742.
    29. Yandoc, C.B., Rosskopf, E.N., Pitelli, R.L.C.M, Charudattan, R. 2006. Effect of selected pesticides on conidial germination and mycelial growth of Dactylaria higginsii, a potential bioherbicide for purple nutsedge (Cyperus rotundus), Weed Technology 20(1): 255-260.

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ISSG Landcare Research NBII IUCN University of Auckland The Global Invasive Species Database is managed by the Invasive Species Specialist Group (ISSG) of the IUCN Species Survival Commission. It was developed as part of the global initiative on invasive species led by the Global Invasive Species Programme (GISP) and is supported through partnerships with the National Biological Information Infrastructure, Manaaki Whenua-Landcare Research and the University of Auckland. Conditions of use.