Ecology Distribution Management Info Impact Info References and Links Contacts

Management Information Physical: Bidens pilosa is susceptible to hand weeding. Germination may be prevented by mulches if they are thick enough (PIER, 2007). Chemical: B. pilosa is susceptable to several types of herbicides. Residual herbicides: diuron, bromacil, atrazine, simazine, ropazine, hexazinone, oryzalin, and ametryn; translocated herbicides: 2,4-D, glyphosate, amitrole, metribuzin, and dicamba; and contact herbicides bentazone, diquat, and paraquat have all been evaluated as effective means of controlling B. pilosa when applied at standard rates. B. pilosa is thought susceptible to the majority of broad-leafed plant herbicides (PIER, 2007).          Location Specific Management Information Maui Is. (United States (USA)) Bidens pilosa populations in Kanaio Natural Area Reserve have been evaluated as uncontrollable on a large scale because of their abundance and hardiness. Experts do recommend small scale management in small areas which bear rare native species (Medeiros et al, 1993). Thailand Farmers have reported successful control of Bidens pilosa with unspecified herbicides in Thailand (Zungsontiporn, undated). United States (USA) Please follow this link for distribution map of Bidens pilosa in North America Western Australia (Australia) Bidens pilosa is being controlled in parts of Western Australia (Groves et al, 2005).          Management Resources/Links 1. Brandes, Dietmar., 2001. Bidens pilosa L. und ihre Einbürgerungschancen in den Ländern der Europäischen Union         Summary: Available from: http://bib1lp1.rz.tu-bs.de/docportal/servlets/MCRFileNodeServlet/DocPortal_derivate_00001309/Document.pdf;jsessionid=0000w-cmI6ZCGCrzBvSIDeLgEY6?hosts=local [Accessed on 7 July 2008] 2. Carlquist, Sherwin ., 1966. The Biota of Long-Distance Dispersal. II. Loss of Dispersibility in Pacific Compositae. Evolution, Vol. 20, No. 1 (Mar., 1966), pp. 30-48 3. Department Of Primary Industries (DPI)., 2008. Victorian Resources Online Statewide. Cobblers Pegs (Bidens pilosa L.): Impact Assessment - Cobblers Pegs (Bidens pilosa L.) in Victoria         Summary: Available from: http://hear.org/starr/publications/2006_lanai_islets_botanical_survey.pdf [Accessed on 7 July 2008] 4. Department Of Primary Industries (DPI)., 2008. Victorian Resources Online Statewide. Cobblers Pegs (Bidens pilosa L.): Invasiveness Assessment - Cobblers Pegs (Bidens pilosa L.) in Victoria         Summary: Available from: http://www.dpi.vic.gov.au/DPI/Vro/vrosite.nsf/pages/invasive_cobblers_pegs [Accessed on 7 July 2008] 5. Department Of Primary Industries (DPI)., 2008. Victorian Resources Online Statewide. Cobblers Pegs (Bidens pilosa L.): Present distribution- Potential distribution         Summary: Available from: http://www.dpi.vic.gov.au/DPI/Vro/vrosite.nsf/pages/weeds_herbs_annual_cobblers_pegs [Accessed on 7 July 2008] 6. Heap, I., 2008. The International Survey of Herbicide Resistant Weeds. Group B/2 Resistant Hairy Beggersticks (Bidens pilosa) Brazil. Online. Internet. July 06, 2008 . Available www.weedscience.com         Summary: Available from: http://www.weedscience.org/Case/Case.asp?ResistID=42 [Accessed on 7 July 2008] 7. Medeiros, A.C., L.L. Loope, and C.G. Chimera., 1993. Kanaio Natural Area Reserve Biological Inventory and Management Recommendations, March 1993, , for the Natural Area Reserves System, State of Hawai’i.         Summary: Available from: http://www.dofaw.net/nars/files/kanaioplan.doc [Accessed on 7 July 2008] 8. Mvere, B., 2004. Bidens pilosa L. In: Grubben, G.J.H. & Denton, O.A. (Editors). PROTA 2: Vegetables/Legumes. [CD-Rom]. PROTA, Wageningen, Netherlands.         Summary: Available from: http://database.prota.org/PROTAhtml/Bidens%20pilosa_En.htm [Accessed on 7 July 2008] 9. Space, James C., Barbara Waterhouse, Julie S. Denslow and Duane Nelson., 2000. Invasive Plant Species on Rota, Commonwealth of the Northern Mariana Islands. U.S.D.A. Forest Service Pacific Southwest Research Station Institute of Pacific Islands Forestry Honolulu, Hawai'i, USA         Summary: Available from: http://hear.org/AlienSpeciesInHawaii/articles/pier/pier_rota_report.pdf [Accessed on 7 July 2008] 10. Starr, Forrest; Kim Starr and Ken Wood., 2006. Lanai Offshore Islets Botanical Survey. Prepared for: Department of Land and Natural Resources, Division of Forestry and Wildlife and Offshore Islet Restoration Committee         Summary: Available from: http://hear.org/starr/publications/2006_lanai_islets_botanical_survey.pdf [Accessed on 7 July 2008] 11. Waterhouse, D.F. 1997. The major invertebrate pests and weeds of agriculture and plantation forestry in the southern and western Pacific. ACIAR Monograph No. 44, 99p.          Results Page: 1