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   Spermacoce verticillata (shrub)     
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    Spermacoce verticillata seedlings grow slowly at first but begin rapid growth after about 6 months. Twenty-three 9- month-old nursery plants averaged 64 cm in height with a maximum of 109 cm. S. verticillata shrubs appears to live at least 4 years and probably much longer in Puerto Rico. It is controlled in crops and pasture by cultivation, mowing, and spraying with broadleaf herbicides. The importance value of S. verticillata in a Colombian pasture was reduced by 39 percent by simply fertilizing with potassium and sulfur to increase the vigor of the pasture grasses (Tejos 1981, in Francis, undated).    


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ISSG Landcare Research NBII IUCN University of Auckland