Commelina benghalensis (草本植物)

生態 分佈 管理 影響 參考資料 聯繫

管理資訊 預防措施：預防圓葉鴨跖草(Commelina benghalensis)在農業用地，建立密集的植群，有助於避免積累大型種子庫。種植覆蓋性的農作物，可以用來窒息圓葉鴨跖草(C. benghalensis)植群，但在種植覆蓋作物之前，可能需要先進行機械或化學移除方法。增加大豆，玉米種植密度有助於控制和遮掉圓葉鴨跖草(C. benghalensis)(Flanders, 2007；NAPPO, 2003; Prostko, 2005)。 物理方法：拔除或使用鋤頭或機械等工具挖除，通常成功率很低，因為圓葉鴨跖草(C. benghalensis)會再生。在一項比較傳統耕作方式和帶狀耕作的研究中，在種植花生和棉花後，計算雜草數目，發現傳統耕作方式中，圓葉鴨跖草(C. benghalensis)的密度較低(3 plants/m2與 60 plants/m2)(Brecke, 2007；NAPPO, 2003)。 化學方法：使用長效性除草劑，來對抗圓葉鴨跖草(C. benghalensis)經常是最有效的，因為此雜草，整個生長季節都能發芽。圓葉鴨跖草(C. benghalensis)能耐受草甘磷。一項研究顯示，第一次施用草甘磷時，加入甲氧毒草胺，在傳統耕作時可增加控制率到96%，帶狀耕作 時可增加控制率到75%， 對土壤的干擾率50% 。Prostko(2005)報告說，Dual Magnum"是最有效的長效性除草劑，可用來控制棉花田中的圓葉鴨跖草(C. benghalensis)。Prostko還建議在花生田中使用"Dual Magnum"，可成功抑制此雜草，特別是如果有0.5英寸以上的雨水或在灌溉期7~10天內。雜草冒出後，應在圓葉鴨跖草(C. benghalensis)的幼苗達到 3~4英寸以前，施用除草劑(Brecke, 2007；Flanders, 2007)。 綜合管理：使用物理方法砍除圓葉鴨跖草(C. benghalensis)時，通常會留下碎莖，碎莖能在乾燥的環境下短期存活並重新發芽。碎莖必須乾燥到含水量 50% ，為期 30天的時間，可使再生率降到0%，但較大的莖碎莖可能會有較長的生存期(Grey, 2007)。              管理資源 /鏈接 1. Brecke, B.J. and Hutto, K.C. and Stephenson, D.O. IV, 2007. Impact of Tillage and Hervicides on Tropical Spiderwort. University of Florida, West Florida Research and Education Center. Volume 38, pp. 83. The American Peanut Research and Education Society, Inc.         摘要： This article is found in a volume which is a collection of publications, mainly abstracts and technical summaries, presented at a meeting held by the American Peanut Research and Education Society Incorporated in 2006. Available from: http://www.apres.okstate.edu/old%20proceedings/Vol%2038%20Proc.pdf [Accessed 30 April 2008] 2. Maddox, V. and Byrd, J.D. and Westbrooks, R., 2006. Invasive Species Fact Sheet: Benghal dayflower. The GeoResources Institute in cooperation with the United States Geological Survey and the Extension Service at Mississippi State University.         摘要： This publication is a concise fact sheet on Benghal dayflower, otherwise known as Commelina benghalensis. Available from: http://www.gri.msstate.edu/lwa/invspec/tropical_spiderwort.pdf [Accessed 30 April 2008] 3. North American Plant Protection Organization (NAPPO), 2003. Pest Risk Assessment, Grains Panel Pest Facts Sheet: Commelina benghalensis L.         摘要： This fact sheet is a very informative overview of the species Commelina benghalensis including distribution, biology, identification, economic impact, and management information. Available from: http://www.nappo.org/PRA-sheets/Commelinabenghalensis.pdf [Accessed 30 April 2008] 4. Prostko, E.P. and Culpepper, A.S. and Webster, T.M. and Flanders, J.T., 2005. Tropical Spiderwort Identification and Control in Georgia Field Crops. Circular 884, Cooperative Extension Service, The University of Georgia College of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences.         摘要： This publication is an excellent source for identification of Commelina benghalensis and for control pertaining to the cultivation of certain crops grown in the United States. Available from: http://www.gainvasives.org/pubs/C884.pdf [Accessed 30 April 2008] 5. USDA, NRCS. 2008. Commelina benghalensis The PLANTS Database (http://plants.usda.gov, 29 April 2008). National Plant Data Center, Baton Rouge, LA 70874-4490 USA.         摘要： Available from: http://plants.usda.gov/java/profile?symbol=COBE2 [Accessed 30 April 2008] 6. Varnham, K. 2006. Non-native species in UK Overseas Territories: a review. JNCC Report 372. Peterborough: United Kingdom.         摘要： This database compiles information on alien species from British Overseas Territories. Available from: http://www.jncc.gov.uk/page-3660 [Accessed 10 November 2009] 7. Webster, T.M. and Burton, M.G. and Culpepper, A.S. and York, A.C. and Prostko, E.P., 2005. Tropical Spiderwort (Commelina benghalensis): A Tropical Invader Threatens Agroecosystems of the Southern United States. Weed Technology: Volume 19:501-508, 2005.         摘要： This article is an excellent source for the identification and control of Commelina benghalensis in the United States. Available from: http://www.ars.usda.gov/sp2UserFiles/person/5963/PDF/2005%20WT%2019-501-508%20Weed%20Alert.pdf [Accessed 30 April 2008]          結果頁： 1