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   Platydemus manokwari (扁蟲)  English   
生態 分佈 管理 影響 參考資料 聯繫


         管理資訊

    目前可用來管理全球非海洋軟體動物生物多樣性的資源是不夠的。科學知識是稀少和分散。往往有極少數工作人員來管理現有的保護區，一般集中在脊椎動物物種。由於缺乏資源，軟體動物和其他少魅力的群體，通常被忽視。然而，區域和物種保護行動計劃必須在適當的科學研究基礎上制定，如英國的陸生蝸牛保護行動V. moulinsiana(Tattersfield 2003, in Lydeard et al. 2004). 要發展如此的計劃、較大的整合，協調和保護管理機構，研究機構，和其他利益相關者之間的網路是至關重要的。這一做法將確保養護是有科學依據，將有助於避免可能導致災難性的生態，經濟，或法律後果。此外，地方和國家政府及其機構，組織和非政府組織的各種(從國際組織到地方保護團體)，必須建立合作關係，以確保他們的目標不會互相競，或相互矛盾，而共同能行動。當新保護區域被創造時，軟體動物不能被忽略。新、現有的保留區必須得到充分的管理，與對軟體動物的注意，在某些情況下應當建立軟體動物保留區(Lydeardet al.2004)。 English   


         管理資源 /鏈接

    1. Anonymous. 2000. Flatworm (Platydemus manokwari) in Samoa. SAPA NEWSLETTER April - June 2000 - Issue 2/00 3-4.
            摘要： Records presence in Samoa. Good illustration.
    2. Civeyrel, L. and Simberloff, D. 1996. A tale of two snails: is the cure worse than the disease? Biodiversity and Conservation 5: 1231-1252.
            摘要： A discussion of the introduction of predatory snails (notably Euglandina rosea), in putative attempts to control A. fulica. The devastating consequences on native land snail diversity, especially in the islands of the Pacific.
    3. Clarke, B., Murray, J., & Johnson, M.S., 1984. The extinction of endemic species by a program of biological control. Pacific Science, 38: 97-104.
            摘要： A paper on the introduced biocontrol agent, the land snail Euglandina rosea.
    4. Coote, T. & Loeve, E., 2003. From 61 species to five: endemic tree snails of the Society Islands fall prey to an ill-judged biological control programme. Oryx, 37: 91-96.
            摘要： A paper on the introduced biocontrol agent, the land snail Euglandina rosea.
    5. Cowie R.H. and Robinson A.C. 2003. The Decline of Native Pacific Island Faunas: Changes in Status of the Land Snails of Samoa Through the 20th Century, Biological Conservation 110(1).
    6. Cowie, R. H. 2001. Can snails ever be effective and safe biocontrol agents?. International Journal of Pest Management 47: 23-40.
            摘要： Discusses the use of land and freshwater snails as biological control agents against other snails and against aquatic weeds. Recommends snails not be used for biocontrol.
    7. Cowie, R.H., 1992. Evolution and extinction of Partulidae, endemic Pacific island land snails. Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London, Series B Biological Sciences, 335: 167-191.
            摘要： A paper on the introduced biocontrol agent, the land snail Euglandina rosea.
    8. Eldredge, L. G. and Smith, B. D. 1994. Introductions and transfers of the triclad flatworm Platydemus manokwari. Tentacle 4: 8.
            摘要： Details of spread of Platydemus manokwari
    9. Eldredge, L. G. and Smith, B. D. 1995. Triclad flatworm tours the Pacific. Aliens 2: 11.
            摘要： A description of the locations throughout the Pacific where P. manokwari has been introduced. Describes some of the impacts that this species is having on native snail populations.
    10. Hadfield, M. G., Miller, S. E. and Carwile, A. H. 1993. The decimation of endemic Hawai‘ian tree snails by alien predators. American Zoologist 33: 610-622.
            摘要： Discusses the impacts of alien rats and Euglandina rosea on native Hawaiian tree snails.
    11. Hadfield, M.G., 1986. Extinction in Hawaiian Achatinelline snails. Malacologia, 27: 67-81.
            摘要： A paper on the introduced biocontrol agent, the land snail Euglandina rosea.
    12. Hopper, D. R. and Smith, B. D. 1992. Status of tree snails (Gastropoda: Partulidae) on Guam, with a resurvey of sites studied by H. E. Crampton in 1920. Pacific Science 46: 77-85.
    13. Lydeard, C., Cowie, R.H., Ponder, W.F., Bogan, A.E., Bouchet, P., Clark, S.A., Cummings, K.S., Frest, T.J., Gargominy, O., Herbert, D.G., Hershler, R., Perez, K.E., Roth, B., Seddon, M. Strong, E.E., Thompson, F.G. 2004. The global Decline of Nonmarine Mollusks, BioScience 54.
    14. Muniappan, R. 1987. Biological control of the giant African snail, Achatina fulica Bowdich, in the Maldives. FAO Plant Protection Bulletin 35(4): 127-133.
    15. Muniappan, R. 1990. Use of the planarian, Platydemus manokwari, and other natural enemies to control the giant African snail. In: The use of natural enemies to control agriculatural pests. Proceedings of the international Seminar "The use of parasitoids and predators to control agricultural pests" Tsukuba, Japan, October 2-7, 1989. Food and Fertilizer Technology Center for the Asian and Pacific Region, Taipei. pp.179-183
    16. Muniappan, R., Duhamel, G., Santiago, R. M., and Acay, D. R. 1986. Giant African snail control in Bugsuk island, Philippines, by Platydemus manokwari. Oléagineux 41(4): 183-186.
    18. Sugiura, S. 2009. Seasonal fluctuation of invasive flatworm predation pressure on land snails: Implications for the range expansion and impacts of invasive species, Biological Conservation 142: 3013-3019.

         結果頁： 1  
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