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   Cryphonectria parasitica (真菌)  English   
生態 分佈 管理 影響 參考資料 聯繫


         管理資訊

    綜合管理:美國板栗合作者基金會說:綜合管理 C. dentata再生,結合使用弱毒性C. parasitica接種,抵抗 C. dentata,以對 C. parasitica進行控制。在維吉尼亞 Lesesne 州森林, 3 有抵抗性的 C. dentata在 1980 年被接枝。1982 與1983年,第一個潰瘍使用弱毒接種。這些樹木茁壯成長; 它們生產堅果超過10年,年增長率卓越。。

    有關生物控制選擇, 請參閱 管理資料English   



         管理資源 /鏈接

    2. Bragança, H., S. Simões, N. Onofre, R. Tenreiro and D. Rigling., 2007. Cryphonectria parasitica in Portugal: diversity of vegetative compatibility types, mating types, and occurrence of hypovirulence pages Forest Pathology Volume 37, Issue 6, December 2007 391–402
    4. Dalavalle, E., and A. Zambonelli. 1999. Epidemiological role of strains of Cryphonectria parasitica isolated from hosts other than chestunut. European Journal of Forest Pathology 29: 97-102.
            摘要: A scientific study that identifies species other than chestnuts which are affected by the fungus.
    5. Davelos, A. L, and A. M. Jarosz. 2004. Demography of American chestnut populations: effects of a pathogen and a hyperparasite. Journal of Ecology 92:675-685.
            摘要: Information on description, economic importance, distribution, habitat, history, growth, and impacts and management of species.
    6. Diamandis, S & Perlerou, C., 2005. The role of Spulerina simploniella in the spread of chestnut blight Forest Pathology Volume 35 Issue 4 Page 315
    8. Frigimelica, G., Carpanelli, A., and Stergulc, F. 2001. Monitoring of widespread forest diseases in Friuli-Venezia Giulia (North-eastern Italy). Journal of Forest Science (Prague). 47 (Special Issue 2): 81-84.
            摘要: Monitoring of this species in north-eastern Italy.
    9. Groome, P.C., Tattar, T.A., and Mount, M.S. 2001. Bacteria found on American chestnut bark and their potential in biocontrol of chestnut blight. Arboricultural Journal. 25 (3): 221-234.
            摘要: Information on the chestnut blight in the USA and possible biological control options.
    10. Guerin, L., G. Froidefond, and X.-M. Xu. 2001. Seasonal patterns of dispersal of ascospores of Cryphonectria parasitica (chestnut blight). Plant Pathology 50: 717-724.
            摘要: Research paper covering the reproductive aspects of species.
    11. Gurer, M., Ottaviani, M-P., and Cortesi, P. 2001. Genetic diversity of subpopulations of Cryphonectria parasitica in two chestnut-growing regions in Turkey. Forest Snow and Landscape Research. 76 (3): 383-386.
            摘要: Information on chestnut blight in Turkey.
    12. Juhasova, G., and Bernadovicova, S. 2001. Cryphonectria parasitica (Murr.) Barr and Phytophthora spp. in chestnut (Castanea sativa Mill.) in Slovakia. Forest Snow and Landscape Research. 76 (3): 373-377.
            摘要: Information on chestnut blight in Slovakia.
    14. Liu, Y. C., D. L. Basso, B. I. Hillman, S. Kaneko, and M. G. Milgroom. 2003. Evidence for interspecies transmission of viruses in natural populations of filamentous fungi in the genus Cryphonectria. Molecular Ecology 12: 1619-1628.
            摘要: Information on description, economic importance, distribution, habitat, history, growth, and impacts and management of species.
    15. Liu, Y. C., M. L Double, W. L. MacDonald, and M. G. Milgroom. 2002. Persistence of Cryphonectria hypoviruses after their release for biological control of chestnut blight in West Virginia forests. Forest Pathology 32: 345-356
            摘要: Scientific study using biological control methods on species.
    16. Marra, R. E., and M. G. Milgroom. 1999. PCR amplification of the mating-type idiomorphs in Cryphonectria parasitica. Molecular Ecology 8: 1947-1950.
            摘要: Scientific study using biological control methods on species.
    17. Marra, R. E., and M. G. Milgroom. 2001. The mating system of the fungus Cryphonectria parasitica: selfing and self-incompatibility. Heredity 86(2): 134.
            摘要: Research paper covering the reproductive aspects of species.
    18. Radocz, L. 1998. Chestnut blight Cryphonectria parasitica (Murr.) Barr and its biological control in Hungary. Acta Phytopathologica et Entomologica Hungarica. 33 (1-2): 131-145.
            摘要: Biological control of chestnut blight in Hungary.
    19. Radocz, L. 2001. Study of subpopulations of the chestnut blight (Cryphonectria parasitica) fungus in the Carpathian basin. Forest Snow and Landscape Research. 76 (3): 368-372.
            摘要: Information on chestnut blight in Hungary, Romania and the Ukraine.
    20. Robin, C., and Heiniger, U. 2001. Chestnut blight in Europe: Diversity of Cryphonectria parasitica hypovirulence and biocontrol. Forest Snow and Landscape Research. 76 (3): 361-367.
            摘要: Information on chestnut blight in Europe.
    21. Robin, C., Anziani, C., and Cortesi, P. 2000. Relationship between biological control, incidence of hypovirulence, and diversity of vegetative compatibility types of Cryphonectria parasitica in France. Phytopathology. 90 (7): 730-737.
            摘要: Biological control of chestnut blight in France since 1974.
    22. Seemann, D. 2001. Plant health and quarantine regulations of the European Union for Cryphonectria parasitica. Forest Snow and Landscape Research. 76 (3): 402-404.
            摘要: EU quarantine regulations for this species.
    23. Vandermast, D. B., D. H. Van Lear, and B. D. Clinton. 2002. American chestnut as an allelopath in the southern Appalachians. Forest Ecology and Management 165: 173-181
            摘要: Research paper that investigates some of the long term effects on forest composition in the United States that the fungus has caused.

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ISSG Landcare Research NBII IUCN University of Auckland