Management Information
Preventative measures: Risk Assessment models for assessing the risk that exotic vertebrates could establish in Australia have been further explored by the Western Australia Department of Agriculture & Food (DAFWA) to confirm that they reasonably predict public safety, establishment and pest risks across a full range of exotic species and risk levels.
The Risk assessment for the Red deer (Cervus elaphus), has been assigned a VPC Threat Category of EXTREME.
Mammals and birds were assessed for the pest risk they pose if introduced to Australia, by calculating Vertebrate Pests Committee (VPC) Threat Categories. These categories incorporate risk of establishing populations in the wild, risk of causing public harm, and risk of becoming a pest (eg causing agricultural damage, competing with native fauna, etc). The 7-factor Australian Bird and Mammal Model was used for these assessments. Physical: In Argentina, wild red deer (Cervus elaphus) are generally treated as a resource, mainly for trophy hunting, and currnently there is no comprehensive strategy to monitor and control populations. Although considered an unwanted invasive species in National parks, current manipulations are restricted to trophy hunting. Only where densities have reached high levels on some private lands, red deer are specifically culled to decrease the density. Several provinces and National parks with wild red deer have established their hunting regulations, though not being based on population characteristics or conservation goals (Werner, F., pers. comm., 2004).
Integrated management: The Department of Conservation in New Zealand has released a policy statement on deer control, (Department of Conservation Policy Statement on Deer Control, 2001), which adopts an integrated approach to control of deer, working with all interest groups. Please follow this link for a case study on the management of red deer in New Zealand compiled by the IUCN SSC Invasive Species Specialist Group (ISSG).  
Location Specific Management InformationArgentina
In Argentina, wild red deer are principally treated as a resource, mainly for trophy hunting. Although considered as an unwanted invasive species in National parks and other protected areas, current manipulations are restricted to trophy hunting. Only where densities have reached high levels on some private lands, red deer are specifically culled to decrease the density. Generally, population manipulations are not based on field data, and there are no basic wildlife management approaches employed. Red deer are also commonly kept in enclosures stocked with imported specimens. The aim is to release supposedly superior offspring to the wild, sell individuals to other enclosures or use the animals for hunting within the enclosure. Frequently, animals from enclosures are sold for the purpose of new releases to areas without red deer presence. Cases of escapees have been common. Auckland Region (North Island)
Feral deer are declared animal pests in the Auckland Regional Animal Pest
Management Strategy.The ARC ( Auckland Regional Council) and land owners may use one or a
combination of the following techniques to control deer where they become
a threat to areas of high conservation value:
- Shooting - hunting and spotlight shooting by licensed shooters.
- Poison - must be an approved toxic substance and only applied by licensed
operators.
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