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   Caulerpa taxifolia (藻类)  English   
生态 分布 管理 影响 参考数据 联系


         管理信息

    预防措施:Nyberg 与 Wallentinus(2005)报告说, 杉叶蕨藻(Caulerpa taxifolia)是欧洲的五大危险物种之一。作者使用定量研究这五个物种的性状特色,使用区间运算,以寻求113种海藻引入欧洲的共同模式。Nyberg 与 Wallentinus(2005)的摘要指出 "主要使用三个类别:散布、建立与生态冲击。这些更进一步被细分成比较特定的种类,总共 13个。引入的物种与随机取出的相同数目同科的本土物种比较。入侵种 (也就是被有一个不利的生态或者经济的冲击) 也被与非入侵的引入种比较,分别为三个藻类群体。在许多类别中,以及当添加所有物种,引进的物种比本地物种排名更加危险,入侵种排名高于非侵入性种。排名内的三个主要类别不同,反映了三个藻类群体不同的物种之间的策略差异。总结所有的类别(不包括盐度和温度),前五大风险物种都是入侵种,由高至低排列依序为C. fragilespp,tomentosoidesCaulerpa taxifoliaUndaria pinnatifidaAsparagopsis armataGrateloupia doryphora,而Sargassum muticum排名第八,Caulerpa racemosa排名第十。这二十六个物种中的十五种,被列在入侵性最高的前二十种之中。

    化学方法:南加州 C. taxifolia的族群被移除,使用 pvc 防水帆布覆盖以及在下面注射液体的氯。随后另一地点的治疗使用固体二氧化氯制剂。(安德逊 &Keppner, 2001) 南方加州的移除费用是美金二百三十三万, 2000-01 为控制与监视 (Carlton, 2001), 每年监测费用美金一百二十万,直到 2004.(安德逊, 2004)
    应用浓度 50kg/m2的粗海盐,在澳大利亚获得中度成功,一起案例从一个约五二○○平方米的地移除C. taxifolia,虽然在另一个面积3000 m2的案例,显示藻类密度减少,但是没有实现移除。这一个方法建议使用在较冷的月份, C. taxifolia会自然地死亡。到现在为止用盐的方法,只成功使用在水深小于公尺的软沉淀物上。(Glasby et.Al, 2004)

    物理方法:在克罗埃西亚只用黑色 pvc 塑料覆盖 C. Taxifolia生长的地方,被认为是相当成功。治疗总面积五百一十二平方公尺,治疗后无任何零星的再生.(McEnnulty et. Al, 2001)
    潜水员手动清除成功地消除小块的< C. Taxifolia,大约三点四平方公尺,在法国地中海。使用吸泵,以消除所有的碎片,也在其它地方获得中度的成功。手动清除的清除率为每位潜水员每小时小于1 m2 到大约3 m2(McEnnulty et.al, 2001) English   



         地点特有的管理信息
    Adelaide
    Freshwater was pumped into the lakes to eradicate C. taxifolia at a cost of $AUS 6-8 million.
    Agua Hedionda lagoon
    Chemical: Caulerpa is killed using tarps and chlorine. Continued survellience to detect any re-introduction.
    Preventative measures: The possession or sale of C. taxifolia is banned in California.
    Auckland Region (North Island)
    A small amount of C. taxifolia was recently found in a saltwater aquarium in Auckland. NIWA ((National Institute of Water and Atmospheric Research) collected a sample of C. taxifolia from the Auckland aquarium, extracted its DNA, and compared its sequence with the sequences of C. taxifolia strains recorded at GenBank – the international repository of DNA sequence data. The ITS sequence from the Auckland sample was identical to that in samples from the Caribbean, and from the Red Sea, and was clearly different from that in the invasive Mediterranean and Californian aquarium strain. MFish, New Zealand (Ministry of Fisheries) has launched an education programme aimed at aquarium enthusiasts which explains the risks to New Zealand from C. taxifolia and how to identify it. is one of the seven key species that MFish is targeting through its biosecurity research contract with NIWA on the surveillance of ports and harbours around New Zealand (NIWA Science, 2002). C. taxifolia has been designated as a Surveillance Pest by the Auckland Regional Pest Management Pest Management Strategy 2002-2007. Please see Hierarchy of Plant Designations for an explanation of designation terminology.
    California
    Chemical: Plants are sealed under PVC tarps and liquid chlorine injected. Solid chlorine tablets are used later. Costs for control will exceed $US 1 million, including post-treatment monitoring.
    Preventative measures: The possession or sale of C. taxifolia is banned in California.
    Dolin Is.
    Eradication was carried out in 1996 using manual removal, but C. taxifolia reappeared in 2001.
    Elba Is.
    No control strategy has been implemented.
    Huntington Harbour
    Preventative measures: The possession or sale of C. taxifolia is banned in California.
    Hvar Is.
    Isolated colonies were covered with black plastic sheets on an annual basis. This has not been effective in preventing further spread.
    Imperia
    No control strategy has been implemented.
    Liguria
    No control strategy has been implemented.
    Malinska
    A benthic vacuum is used annually to remove plants. This has not been effective in preventing further spread.
    Mallorca Is.
    The use of a benthic vacuum and exposure to copper ions are used by regional authorities to slow the rate of spread.
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