管理信息
预防措施：太平洋蚂蚁预防计划 是一份由太平洋植物保护组织与地区技术会议提议的植物保护计划。这一计划旨在防止红火蚁和其它入侵蚂蚁在太平洋各国之间建立族群或传布。纽西兰8种被列为最危险的有害生物详细的风险评估，作为'蚂蚁入侵风险评估项目'的一部分Harriset al. 2005 ., 为纽西兰土地保护研究计划的生物安全 。 长脚捷山蚁(Anoplolepis gracilipes)被评为纽西兰一个高风险的威胁。侵入蚂蚁风险给 A. gracilipes的评估能在 Anoplolepis gracilipes风险评估 查阅。请参阅Anoplolepis gracilipes 数据页 关于生物学、分布更多的信息, 有害生物状态与控制技术。化学方法：蚂蚁毒饵的毒性原则包括所谓 " 胃 " 毒药、hydramethylnon(Maxforce, Amdro) 、 sulfuramid 与钠 tetraborate decahydrate(硼砂) 。昆虫生长调节剂 (IGRs) 可以扰乱发育，包括如methoprene和苯氧威化合物，。胃毒药与昆虫生长调节剂相比，相对快速的，但有时可能作用得太快，在杀虫剂可以分布在整个地区以前，消除工作者。一有希望的方法是用费洛蒙 (调节物种行为的化合物) 作为 "生物毒剂" 打乱蚁后繁殖。(O'Dowd et al.1999) 设计毒饵前应该先知道，特定蚂蚁的觅食策略。决定毒饵大小、类型与散布方式是一个重要的步骤。蚂蚁的筑巢、喂食与行为特色应该全部被考虑。必须使用适当的设计的毒饵，以降低本土蚂蚁族群和非目标动物中毒风险。(McGlynn, 1999) 请按此连结取得更多信息 黄色狂蚁 ISSG 汇编的管理。   
地点特有的管理信息Bird Is.
The current management of crazy ants on Bird island comprises the spraying of insecticide around habitations and the sooty tern nesting area. Gerlach (2004) suggests habitat management as a means of reducing crazy ant abundance. Crazy ants are mainly found in coconut plantations as these provide shade and nesting places for the ant. The natural regenerating woodland consisting mainly of P. grandis is a more open structure that is less suitable for A. gracilipes. Removing the remaining coconut trees and facilitating the regeneration of natural woodland would reduce crazy ant populations. Cairns
Previous infestations of crazy ants have been successfully eradicated at Cairns and Townsville through a coordinated government response. New South Wales
The invasion of the yellow crazy ant into NSW is listed as a as a key threatening process. The Environment Protection and Biodiversity Conservation Act 1999 (EPBC Act) Australia provides for the identification and listing of key threatening processes. A process can be listed as a key threatening process if it could: cause a native species or ecological community to become eligible for inclusion in a threatened list (other than the conservation dependent category); or
cause an already listed threatened species or threatened ecological community to become more endangered; or adversely affect two or more listed threatened species or threatened ecological communities. The assessment of a threatening process as a key threatening process is the first step to addressing the impact of a particular threat under Commonwealth law.The crazy ant has been intercepted at least 161 times since 1988 in Australian ports, with 40% of the interceptions in NSW ports (DECC, 2005). The crazy ant infestation on Goodwood Island on the NSW North Coast is subject to an eradication programme, using poisoned baits, being carried out by the NSW Department of Primary Industries' Biosecurity, Compliance and Mine Safety Directorate and the Department of Environment and Conservation (DECC, 2005). New Zealand
Harris and Barker (2007) report that "New Zealand is probably too cold for A. gracilipes and S. geminata, so management of incursions of these species is probably unnecessary. Northeast Arnhem Land
The eradication project in NE Arnhem Land is a collaboration between Dhimurru Land Management Aboriginal Corporation, CSIRO, Alcan Gove, Department of Environment and Heritage, Northern Territory Government, Indigenous Land Corporation and the Northern Land Council. The project which began in 2004, is expected to last for 4 years.The yellow crazy ant eradication project in northeast Arnhem Land is the largest eradication project for this ant on mainland Australia. In the interest of sharing knowledge of invasive ant management, Dr. Ben Hoffmann has provided a brief project description as well as the project protocols here for public use. The project protocols are dynamic, and as such are updated from time to time as new knowledge is obtained or as requirements change. Please follow these links to read Brief Project Description and Project protocols. Any queries relating to these documents can be directed to Ben.Hoffmann@csiro.au Northern Territory
The eradication campaign should be starting
soon, and will follow the protocols developed for the control of this ant on
Christmas Island. Nu’ulua
An operational plan to eradicate Pacific rats is being prepared by David Butler Associates Ltd in consultation with the Ministry of Natural Resources, Environment and Marine (Samoa) and Pacific Invasive Initiative (PII) staff. In addition to eradicating rats it is proposed to experimentally reduce yellow crazy ant (A. gracilipes) densities on Nu’ulua Island. Queensland
The crazy ant is a Class 1 declared pest animal in Quennsland. A Class 1 pest is one that is not commonly present in Queensland, and if introduced would cause an adverse economic, environmental or social impact. Class 1 pests established in Queensland are subject to eradication from the state. Landowners must take reasonable steps to keep land free of Class 1 pests.Incursions which have been detected are monitored and re-treated as and when required. The treatment outlined by the Department of Natural Resources, and Water; Governement of Queensland is as follows: Outbreaks of crazy ants can be controlled and may be eradicated with baits treated with the insecticide Fipronil, if they are detected before any large scale spread occurs. Protein bait pellets made of commercial fishmeal laced with insecticide are spread in the vicinity of the nests. The foraging ants then collect the pellets and carry them back to the colony. Once introduced to the nest, the bait is shared around the colony, eventually being given to the queens. As the queens are the only ants able to reproduce, the death of the queen ensures that the colony is destroyed. The baits look like small chook pellets and are scattered over grassed and dirt areas. Where it is not possible to scatter the pellets bait stations will be used. The bait stations will be either white discs (10cm across) or a piece of black tube (10cm long), covered by a fine steel mesh and securely fixed to the ground to ensure that the stations are not interfered with by dogs and other wildlife. The bait stations will be removed when the ant population has been destroyed. Signs will indicate where bait stations have been laid. Please follow this link for more details Crazy ants: Warning
管理资源 /链接
2. AntWeb, 2006. Anoplolepis gracilipes
摘要： AntWeb illustrates ant diversity by providing information and high quality color images of many of the approximately 10,000 known species of ants. AntWeb currently focusses on the species of the Nearctic and Malagasy biogeographic regions, and the ant genera of the world. Over time, the site is expected to grow to describe every species of ant known. AntWeb provides the following tools: Search tools, Regional Lists, In-depth information, Ant Image comparision tool PDF field guides maps on AntWeb and Google Earth and Ant genera of the world slide show.
AntWeb is available from: http://antweb.org/about.jsp [Accessed 20 April 2006]
The species page is available from: http://antweb.org/getComparison.do?rank=species&genus=anoplolepis&name=gracilipes&project=&project= [Accessed 2 May 2006] 3. Commonwealth of Australia. 2006a. Threat abatement plan to reduce the impacts of tramp ants on biodiversity in Australia and its
territories, Department of the Environment and Heritage,
Canberra.
摘要： This plan establishes a national framework to guide and coordinate Australia’s response to tramp ants, identifying the research, management, and other actions necessary to ensure the long term survival of native species and ecological communities affected by tramp ants. It identifies
six national priority species as an initial, but
flexible, list on which to focus attention. They
are the red imported fi re ant (Solenopsis invicta),
tropical fire ant (S. geminata), little fire ant
(Wasmannia auropunctata), African big-headed
ant (Pheidole megacephala), yellow crazy ant
(Anoplolepis gracilipes), and Argentine ant
(Linepithema humile).
Available from: http://www.environment.gov.au/biodiversity/threatened/publications/tap/pubs/tramp-ants.pdf [Accessed 17 November 2009] 8. Haines, I. H. and Haines, J. B. 1978. Pest status of the crazy ant, Anoplolepis longipes (Jerdon) (Hymenoptera: Formicidae), in the Seychelles. Bull. Entomol. Res. 68: 627-638. 9. Haines, I. H. and Haines, J. B. 1979. Residual sprays for the control of the crazy ant Anoplolepis longipes (Jerd.) in the Seychelles. Pesticide Science 10: 201-206. 10. Haines, I. H. and Haines, J. B. 1979. Toxic bait for the control of Anoplolepis longipes (Jerdon) (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) in the Seychelles. I. The basic attractant carrier, its production and weathering properties. Bulletin of Entomological Research 69: 11. Haines, I. H. and Haines, J. B. 1979. Toxic bait for the control of Anoplolepis longipes (Jerdon) (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) in the Seychelles. II. Effectiveness, specificity and cost of baiting in field applications. Bulletin of Entomological Research 69: 12. Haines, I. H. and Haines, J. B. 1979. Toxic bait for the control of Anoplolepis longipes (Jerdon) (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) in the Seychelles. III. Selection of toxicants. Bulletin of Entomological Research 69: 203-211. 13. Haines, I. H., Haines, J. B. and Cherrett, J. M. 1994. The impact and control of the Crazy ant, Anoplolepis longipes (Jerd.), in the Seychelles. pp. 206–218 in Williams, D. F. (ed.), Exotic ants. Biology, impact, and control of introduced species. Westview, Boulder, CO. 14. Harris, R.; Abbott, K.; Barton, K.; Berry, J.; Don, W.; Gunawardana, D.; Lester, P.; Rees, J.; Stanley, M.; Sutherland, A.; Toft, R. 2005: Invasive ant pest risk assessment project for Biosecurity New Zealand. Series of unpublished Landcare Research contract reports to Biosecurity New Zealand. BAH/35/2004-1.
摘要： The invasive ant risk assessment project, prepared for Biosecurity New Zealand by Landcare Research, synthesises information on the ant species that occur in New Zealand (native and introduced species), and on invasive ants that pose a potential threat to New Zealand.
There is a great deal of information in this risk assessment on invasive ant species that is of global interest, including; biology, distribution, pest status, control technologies.
The assessment project has five sections.1) The Ants of New Zealand: information sheets on all native and introduced ants established in New Zealand
2) Preliminary invasive ant risk assessment: risk scorecard to quantify the threat to New Zealand of 75 ant species.
3) Information sheets on invasive ant threats: information sheets on all ant species scored as medium to high risk (n = 39).
4) Pest risk assessment: A detailed pest risk assessment for the eight species ranked as having the highest potential risk to New Zealand (Anoplolepis gracilipes, Lasius neglectus, Monomorium destructor, Paratrechina longicornis, Solenopsis geminata, Solenopsis richteri, Tapinoma melanocephalum, Wasmannia auropunctata)
5) Ranking of high risk species: ranking of the eight highest risk ant species in terms of the risks of entry, establishment, spread, and detrimental consequences.
NB. The red imported fire ant (Solenopsis invicta) is considered to be the worst ant pest in the world. However, Solenopsis invicta was specifically excluded from consideration in this risk assessment as this species has already been subject to detailed consideration by Biosecurity New Zealand
(This invasive ant pest risk assessment was funded by Biosecurity New Zealand and Foundation for Research, Science and Technology. Undertaken by Landcare Research in collaboration with Victoria University of Wellington and Otago Museum)
Available from:
http://www.landcareresearch.co.nz/research/biocons/invertebrates/Ants/ant_pest_risk.asp [Accessed 20 May 2007] 15. Harris, R.J. & Barker, G. (2007). Relative risk of invasive ants (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) establishing in New Zealand. New Zealand Journal of Zoology 34: 161-178. 16. Hoffmann, B., pers.comm 2007a. North east Arnhem Land YCA Eradication Protocols
摘要： The eradication project in NE Arnhem Land is a collaboration between Dhimurru Land Management Aboriginal Corporation, CSIRO, Alcan Gove, Department of Environment and Heritage, Northern Territory Government, Indigenous Land Corporation and the Northern Land Council. The project which began in 2004, is expected to last for 4 years.The yellow crazy ant eradication project in northeast Arnhem Land is the largest eradication project for this ant on mainland Australia. In the interest of sharing knowledge of invasive ant management, Dr. Ben Hoffmann has provided a brief project description as well as the project protocols here for public use. The project protocols are dynamic, and as such are updated from time to time as new knowledge is obtained or as requirements change.
Any queries relating to these documents can be directed to
Ben.Hoffmann@csiro.au 17. Hoffmann, B., pers.comm., 2007b. North east Arnhem Land Yellow crazy ant eradication project
摘要： The eradication project in NE Arnhem Land is a collaboration between Dhimurru Land Management Aboriginal Corporation, CSIRO, Alcan Gove, Department of Environment and Heritage, Northern Territory Government, Indigenous Land Corporation and the Northern Land Council. The project which began in 2004, is expected to last for 4 years.The yellow crazy ant eradication project in northeast Arnhem Land is the largest eradication project for this ant on mainland Australia. In the interest of sharing knowledge of invasive ant management, Dr. Ben Hoffmann has provided a brief project description as well as the project protocols here for public use. The project protocols are dynamic, and as such are updated from time to time as new knowledge is obtained or as requirements change.
Any queries relating to these documents can be directed to
Ben.Hoffmann@csiro.au 18. Holway, D.A., Lach, L., Suarez, A.V., Tsutsui, N.D. and Case, T.J. 2002. The Causes and Consequences of Ant Invasions, Annu. Rev. Ecol. Syst. 33: 181-233. 19. IUCN 2010. IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Version 2010.4.
摘要： The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species provides taxonomic, conservation status and distribution information on taxa that have been globally evaluated using the IUCN Red List Categories and Criteria. This system is designed to determine the relative risk of extinction, and the main purpose of the IUCN Red List is to catalogue and highlight those taxa that are facing a higher risk of global extinction (i.e. those listed as Critically Endangered, Endangered and Vulnerable). The IUCN Red List also includes information on taxa that are categorized as Extinct or Extinct in the Wild; on taxa that cannot be evaluated because of insufficient information (i.e. are Data Deficient); and on taxa that are either close to meeting the threatened thresholds or that would be threatened were it not for an ongoing taxon-specific conservation programme (i.e. are Near Threatened).
Available from: http://www.iucnredlist.org/ [Accessed 25 May 2011] 21. Lewis, T., Cherrett, J. M., Haines, I., Haines, J. B. and Mathias, P. L. 1976. The crazy ant (Anoplolepis longipes (Jerd.) (Hymenoptera, Formicidae)) in Seychelles, and its chemical control. Bull. Entomol. Res. 66: 97-111. 22. McGlynn, T.P. 1999. The Worldwide Transfer of Ants: Geographical Distribution and Ecological Invasions, Journal of Biogeography 26(3): 535-548. 23. McGregor, A. J. and Moxon, J. E. 1985. Potential for biological control of tent building species of ants associated with Phytophthora palmivora pod rot of cocoa in Papua New-Guinea. Annals of Applied Biology 107(2): 271-278. 24. Ness, J. H and Bronstein, J. L. 2004. The Effects of Invasive Ants on Prospective ant Mutualists, Biological Invasions 6: 445-461. 26. O’Dowd, D. J., Green, P. T. and Lake, P. S. 1999. Status, Impact, and Recommendations for Research and Management of Exotic Invasive Ants in Christmas Island National Park. Report to Environment Australia. 27. O’Dowd, D.J., Green, P.T. and Lake, P.S. 1999. Status, Impact, and Recommendations for Research and Management of Exotic Invasive Ants in Christmas Island National Park. Centre for the Analysis and Management of Biological Invasions: Clayton (Victoria, Australia). 28. O'Dowd, D. J. 1999. Crazy ant attack. Wingspan 9(2): 7. 29. O'Dowd, D. J., Green, P. T. and Lake, P. S. 1999. Status, impact, and recommendations for research and management of exotic invasive ants in Christmas Island National Park. Darwin, Northern Territory, Environment Australia: 50 pp, 8 figures, 2 plates. 30. Oi, D.H., Vail, K.M. and Williams, D.F. 2000. Bait distribution among multiple colonies of Pharaoh ants (Hymenoptera: Formicidae), Journal of Economic Entomology 93(4): 1247–1255. 32. Rao, N. S. and Veeresh, G. K. 1990. Management of crazy ant, Anoplolepis longipes (Jerdon). Indian J. Plant Prot. 18: 105-8. 33. Reimer, N. J. 1994. Distribution and impact of alien ants in vulnerable Hawaiian ecosystems. In Exotic ants: biology, impact, and control of introduced species. Williams, D. F. (ed) Boulder, Colorado, Westview Press: 11-22. 34. Sarnat, E. M. (December 4, 2008) PIAkey: Identification guide to ants of the Pacific Islands, Edition 2.0, Lucid v. 3.4. USDA/APHIS/PPQ Center for Plant Health Science and Technology and University of California — Davis.
摘要： PIAkey (Pacific Invasive Ant key) is an electronic guide designed to assist users identify invasive ant species commonly encountered in the Pacific Island region. The guide covers four subfamilies, 20 genera and 44 species.
The primary tool offered by PIAkey is an interactive key designed using Lucid3 software. In addition to being fully illustrated, the Lucid key allows users to enter at multiple character points, skip unknown characters, and find the most efficient path for identifying the available taxa. Each species is linked to its own web page. These species pages, or factsheets, are linked to an illustrated glossary of morphological terms, and include the following seven sections: 1) Overview of the species; 2) Diagnostic chart illustrating a unique combination of identification characters; 3) Comparison chart illustrating differences among species of similar appearance; 4) Video clip of the species behavior at food baits (where available); 5) Image gallery that includes original specimen images and live images (where available); 6) Nomenclature section detailing the taxonomic history of the species, and 7) Links and references section for additional literature and online resources.
Available from: http://www.lucidcentral.org/keys/v3/PIAkey/index.html [Accessed 17 December 2008] 36. Stanaway, M. A., Zalucki, M. P., Gillespie, P. S. and Rodriquez, C. M. 2001. Pest risk assessment of insects in sea cargo containers. Australian Journal of Entomology 40: 180-192. 38. Veeresh, G. K. 1987. Pest status of crazy ant Anoplolepis longipes (Jerdon) in Karnataka, India, and causes for its outbreak. In Chemistry and biology of social insects. J. Eder and H. Rembold. Munich, Peperny: 667-668. 39. Veeresh, G. K. and Gubbaiah 1984. A report on the 'Crazy ant' (Anoplolepis longipes Jerdon) menace in Karnataka. J Soil Biol Ecol 4: 65-73. 40. Walker, K. 2006. Yellow crazy ant (Anoplolepis gracilipes) Pest and Diseases Image Library. Updated on 29/08/2006 12:02:55 PM.
摘要： PaDIL (Pests and Diseases Image Library) is a Commonwealth Government initiative, developed and built by Museum Victoria's Online Publishing Team, with support provided by DAFF (Department of Agriculture, Fisheries and Forestry) and PHA (Plant Health Australia), a non-profit public company. Project partners also include Museum Victoria, the Western Australian Department of Agriculture and the Queensland University of Technology.
The aim of the project is: 1) Production of high quality images showing primarily exotic targeted organisms of plant health concern to Australia. 2) Assist with plant health diagnostics in all areas, from initial to high level. 3) Capacity building for diagnostics in plant health, including linkage developments between training and research organisations. 4) Create and use educational tools for training undergraduates/postgraduates. 5) Engender public awareness about plant health concerns in Australia.
PaDIL is available from : http://www.padil.gov.au/aboutOverview.aspx, this page is available from: http://www.padil.gov.au/viewPestDiagnosticImages.aspx?id=84 [Accessed 6 October 2006] 41. Way, M. J. 1953. The relationship between certain ant species with particular reference to biological control of the coreid, Theraptus spp. Bull. Entomol. Res. 44: 669-691. 42. Way, M. J. and Khoo, K. C. 1992. Role of ants in pest management. Annu. Rev. Entomol. 37: 479-503. 43. Williams, D. F. 1994. Exotic ants: biology, impact, and control of introduced species. Westview Press, Boulder, Colorado. 结果页： 1
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