Interim profile, incomplete information
Location Specific Management InformationCayman Brac
Aedes aegypti was historically present on all three of the Cayman Islands. It was eradicated from Grand Cayman as a result of house-to-house spraying with DDT in the 1950's. By 1972 it was eradicated from Cayman Brac and Little Cayman with residual temephos treatments. Since 1964 the Mosquito Research and Control Unit has carried out disinfection on all vessles arriving from overseas (aircraft, watercraft, shipping containers and vehicles), facilitated by the passing of a legislation. All aircraft, ships and container goods are treated with an aerosol application of 2% phenothrin D. Passengers were asked to disembark before spraying to avoid health risks. The next introduction is said to have occured in 1994. By May 1996 Ae. aegypti was said to have been successfully eradicated. Port disinfection and surveillance reamined in place to avoid reinfestation. (Wheeler et al 2009).House-spraying seems to be effective against Ae. aegypti as this mosquito is completely domestic, being very rarely found away from occupied houses. It breeds in container habitats, favouring clean, fresh water, and is adapted to artificial containers. Ae. aegypti was not been found on any of the three islands since May 1997. Ae. albopictus was identified on the Grand Cayman in 1997, by 2002 it was established on the island. In 2002 larvae of Ae. aegypti were identified close to the cargo depot. In 2004 an increase in mosqutio numbers was noted after cyclone Ivan's widespread destruction.
Please follow this link for more details on the ongoing management methods used on the Cayman Islands (Wheeler & Petrie, 2007)
Harris et al (2010) conclude that Ae. aegypti on the Cayman Islands is resistant to DDT and pyrethroid insecticides The 1970-1971 eradictaion campaign against Ae. aegypti adults and larvae, from Lesser Cayman and Cayman Brac is described in detail in Nathan & Giglioli (1982). This account of problems encountered and the measures taken to overcome them provides useful information for those concerned with Ae. aegypti eradication. Cayman Islands
Aedes aegypti was historically present on all three of the Cayman Islands. It was eradicated from Grand Cayman as a result of house-to-house spraying with DDT in the 1950's. By 1972 it was eradicated from Cayman Brac and Little Cayman with residual temephos treatments. Since 1964 the Mosquito Research and Control Unit has carried out disinfection on all vessles arriving from overseas (aircraft, watercraft, shipping containers and vehicles), facilitated by the passing of a legislation. All aircraft, ships and container goods are treated with an aerosol application of 2% phenothrin D. Passengers were asked to disembark before spraying to avoid health risks. The next introduction is said to have occured in 1994. By May 1996 Ae. aegypti was said to have been successfully eradicated. Port disinfection and surveillance reamined in place to avoid reinfestation. (Wheeler et al 2009).House-spraying seems to be effective against Ae. aegypti as this mosquito is completely domestic, being very rarely found away from occupied houses. It breeds in container habitats, favouring clean, fresh water, and is adapted to artificial containers. Ae. aegypti was not been found on any of the three islands since May 1997. Ae. albopictus was identified on the Grand Cayman in 1997, by 2002 it was established on the island. In 2002 larvae of Ae. aegypti were identified close to the cargo depot. In 2004 an increase in mosqutio numbers was noted after cyclone Ivan's widespread destruction.
Please follow this link for more details on the ongoing management methods used on the Cayman Islands (Wheeler & Petrie, 2007)
Harris et al (2010) conclude that Ae. aegypti on the Cayman Islands is resistant to DDT and pyrethroid insecticides. Grand Cayman
Aedes aegypti was historically present on all three of the Cayman Islands. It was eradicated from Grand Cayman as a result of house-to-house spraying with DDT in the 1950's. By 1972 it was eradicated from Cayman Brac and Little Cayman with residual temephos treatments. Since 1964 the Mosquito Research and Control Unit has carried out disinfection on all vessles arriving from overseas (aircraft, watercraft, shipping containers and vehicles), facilitated by the passing of a legislation. All aircraft, ships and container goods are treated with an aerosol application of 2% phenothrin D. Passengers were asked to disembark before spraying to avoid health risks. The next introduction is said to have occured in 1994. By May 1996 Ae. aegypti was said to have been successfully eradicated. Port disinfection and surveillance reamined in place to avoid reinfestation. (Wheeler et al 2009).House-spraying seems to be effective against Ae. aegypti as this mosquito is completely domestic, being very rarely found away from occupied houses. It breeds in container habitats, favouring clean, fresh water, and is adapted to artificial containers. Ae. aegypti was not been found on any of the three islands since May 1997. Ae. albopictus was identified on the Grand Cayman in 1997, by 2002 it was established on the island. In 2002 larvae of Ae. aegypti were identified close to the cargo depot. In 2004 an increase in mosqutio numbers was noted after cyclone Ivan's widespread destruction.
Please follow this link for more details on the ongoing management methods used on the Cayman Islands (Wheeler & Petrie, 2007)
Harris et al (2010) conclude that Ae. aegypti on the Cayman Islands is resistant to DDT and pyrethroid insecticides Little Cayman
Aedes aegypti was historically present on all three of the Cayman Islands. It was eradicated from Grand Cayman as a result of house-to-house spraying with DDT in the 1950's. By 1972 it was eradicated from Cayman Brac and Little Cayman with residual temephos treatments. Since 1964 the Mosquito Research and Control Unit has carried out disinfection on all vessles arriving from overseas (aircraft, watercraft, shipping containers and vehicles), facilitated by the passing of a legislation. All aircraft, ships and container goods are treated with an aerosol application of 2% phenothrin D. Passengers were asked to disembark before spraying to avoid health risks. The next introduction is said to have occured in 1994. By May 1996 Ae. aegypti was said to have been successfully eradicated. Port disinfection and surveillance reamined in place to avoid reinfestation. (Wheeler et al 2009).House-spraying seems to be effective against Ae. aegypti as this mosquito is completely domestic, being very rarely found away from occupied houses. It breeds in container habitats, favouring clean, fresh water, and is adapted to artificial containers. Ae. aegypti was not been found on any of the three islands since May 1997. Ae. albopictus was identified on the Grand Cayman in 1997, by 2002 it was established on the island. In 2002 larvae of Ae. aegypti were identified close to the cargo depot. In 2004 an increase in mosqutio numbers was noted after cyclone Ivan's widespread destruction.
Please follow this link for more details on the ongoing management methods used on the Cayman Islands (Wheeler & Petrie, 2007)
Harris et al (2010) conclude that Ae. aegypti on the Cayman Islands is resistant to DDT and pyrethroid insecticides The 1970-1971 eradictaion campaign against Ae. aegypti adults and larvae, from Lesser Cayman and Cayman Brac is described in detail in Nathan & Giglioli (1982). This account of problems encountered and the measures taken to overcome them provides useful information for those concerned with Ae. aegypti eradication. New Zealand
Aedes aegypti specimens have been intercepted at ports in New Zealand, in shipments from the Pacific Islands. Tonga
Harding et al (2006) point out that potential mosquito larval habitats (such as disused concrete water tanks, 44-gallon drums and used car tyres) are widespread in Tonga. They recommend "Active management by removal or control of these artificial habitats would markedly reduce mosquito habitats and could significant reduce mosquito numbers and the threat of mosquito borne disease transmission. Harding et al (2006) make the following recommendations: A widespread education program needs to be instituted to inform the general public about the
mosquito life history, that larvae live in standing water and what they can do about it.
They recommend that a policy of active management of artificial standing water bodies occur in
Tonga. This management strategy might include; - Burying or destroying disused containers so that they no longer hold water.
- Placing mesh net covers over 44-gal drums and any containers which are used to collect rainwater.
- Drilling or cutting holes in the bottom of all disused car tyres
- Drilling holes in disused concrete water tanks, or stocking them with fish, dragonfly and/or waterboatmen larvae.
- Further studies more intensive monitoring needs to be conducted on the distribution and possible mechanisms for mosquito control.
- The occurrence of mosquito borne disease within Tongan wildlife populations needs to be investigated.
Viet Nam (Vietnam)
Kay & Nam (2005) developed a multi-part management strategy for controlling Aedes aegypti in Vietnam.
Management Resources/Links
1. Burton. F.J. Director, Blue Iguana Recovery Programme, Cayman Islands 3. Harris A. F, Rajatileka S, Ranson H., 2010. Pyrethroid resistance in Aedes aegypti from Grand Cayman. Am J Trop Med Hyg. 2010 Aug;83(2):277-84. 5. IUCN/SSC Invasive Species Specialist Group (ISSG)., 2010. A Compilation of Information Sources for Conservation Managers.
Summary: This compilation of information sources can be sorted on keywords for example: Baits & Lures, Non Target Species, Eradication, Monitoring, Risk Assessment, Weeds, Herbicides etc. This compilation is at present in Excel format, this will be web-enabled as a searchable database shortly. This version of the database has been developed by the IUCN SSC ISSG as part of an Overseas Territories Environmental Programme funded project XOT603 in partnership with the Cayman Islands Government - Department of Environment. The compilation is a work under progress, the ISSG will manage, maintain and enhance the database with current and newly published information, reports, journal articles etc. 7. Soper 1967. Dynamics of Aedes aegypti distribution and density. Bulletin of the World Health Organization 36: 536-538 9. Wheeler, Alan S., William D. Petrie and David Malone, 2009. Reintroduction of Aedes aegypti into Grand Cayman. Journal of the American Mosquito Control Association, 25(3):260–264, 2009 Results Page: 1
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