Sciurus carolinensis (哺乳动物)

生态 分布 管理 影响 参考数据 联系

一般影响 在重迭区域，灰松鼠(Sciurus carolinensis) 引起红色松鼠的消失 (请参阅Sciurus vulgaris在 IUCN 红皮书 ) 经过竞争的排除。啃食树皮的行为也可能造成森林地区的损害，对西克莫无花果 ( Acer pseudoplantanus) 与山毛榉( Fagus sylvatica) 影响特别严重。(Bertolino 与 Genovesi,2003) 灰松鼠也是一个痘病毒的载体，红松鼠会受其感染。有灰松鼠的地方，红松鼠趋向的原因，可能在此； 此现象称为病原体居间竞争。(Gurnell et al.2006) 松鼠会挖出球茎、吃装饰性植物的树皮，而成为一个对花园有害的生物。          地点特有的影响： Italy   传播疾病 农业: Grey squirrels (Sciurus carolinensis) cause damage to commercial poplar plantations. 竞争: Grey squirrels (Sciurus carolinensis) have caused the local extinction of the red squirrel (see Sciurus vulgaris in IUCN Red List of Threatened Species). United Kingdom (UK)   传播疾病: The incidence of squirrel poxvirus (SQPV) in red squirrels appears to be related to the level of presence of the grey squirrels (Sciurus carolinensis) in an area, suggesting they are involved in transmission of the disease. The presence of the disease significantly increases the rate of replacement of the native red by the grey squirrel by as much as 20 fold. Greys can be infected by SQPV, but it appears to be benign (Mayle, B. and Smith, L., in press). 农业: Damage by grey squirrel (Sciurus carolinensis) is a major concern to the forestry industry, and the current national policy of increasing the level of broadleaf planting is being seriously undermined (Mayle, B. and Smith, L., in press). 捕食: Grey squirrels (Sciurus carolinensis) predate the nests of a wide range of bird species both in North America and Britain. Species most at risk are those with open nests in the canopy, although birds nesting on the ground and in the understorey are also vulnerable (Mayle, B. and Smith, L., in press). 栖地改变: Grey squirrels (Sciurus carolinensis) effect woodland structure and composition and sustainable woodland/forest management through damage to tree stems and branches, by feeding on seeds and plant bulbs (e.g. the English bluebell, Hyacinthoides nonscripta) thus preventing regeneration (Mayle, B. and Smith, L., in press). 物理干扰: Grey squirrels cause serious damage by stripping the bark from trees. This exposes the timber to fungal and insect attack, disrupts the flow of nutrients up the tree, and weakens the stem (Mayle, B. and Smith, L., in press). 竞争: Grey squirrels (Sciurus carolinensis) compete for resources with with native small mammals including mice, voles and in particular, the red squirrel (see Sciurus vulgaris in IUCN Red List of Threatened Species) and common dormouse (see Muscardinus avellanarius in IUCN Red List of Threatened Species) (Mayle, B. and Smith, L., in press).