Melia azedarach (tree, shrub)

Ecology Distribution Management Info Impact Info References and Links Contacts

General Impact Batcher (2000) states that M. azedarach can invade disturbed and relatively undisturbed areas, and by doing so, it can decrease native biodiversity. It has numerous defenses against insects and other plant pathogens, giving it a competitive advantage over many native species (Nardo et al. 1997, Neupane 1992, Vallardes et al. 1997, in Batcher 2000). Its leaf litter can increase the pH of soils and add nitrogen, significantly altering soil chemistry (Noble et al. 1996, in Batcher 2000). Leaf litter of M. azedarach was also effective in reducing aluminum levels in soil (Noble et al. 1996, in Batcher 2000). Decaying leaf litter can enhance the soil concentration of mineralizable nitrogen by an amount comparable to nitrogen-fixing legumes (Singh et al. 1996, in Batcher 2000). This invasive plant can also successfully reproduce vegetatively, forming dense thickets (Langeland and Burks 1998). These characteristics have contributed to its establishment throughout much of the southeastern United States, where it negatively affects native populations of plants and animals.          Location Specific Impacts: South Africa   Competition: Melia azedarach can compete with native species. Modification of nutrient regime: Melia azedarach can also change the feeding dynamics of frugivorous birds.