一般影响
马樱丹现在是许多古热带地区的一个主要杂草，它侵入自然和农业生态系统。(Thomas and Ellison 1999). 此植物能个别一丛一丛生长或长成灌木丛，排挤人类需要的植物。在受干扰的原始森林，它能成为优势的下层植物，打乱植物更迭，并且减低生物多样性。当森林中马樱丹的密度增加，会使物种丰度减少。(Fenshamet al.1994, in Day et al.2003) 它的植物相克特质，会使附近的植物减少活力，也会减少果园的生产力。(Holm et al.1991, in Day et al.2003) 在一些位置， lantana 群袭有如此持续它们已经完全地停顿雨林的再生有三十年之久.(小羊 1991, in Day et al.2003) 这就是它的影响，例如，在昆士兰东南部，马樱丹被评为非农业区域最重要的杂草。(Batianoff 与 Butler 2002, in Day et al.2003) 马樱丹竞争可能引起了灌木 Linum cratericolaEliasson(Linaceae) 的消失, 而且是对加拉巴哥岛爱琴海的其它濒临绝种的植物主要的威胁.(Mauchamp et al.1998, in Day et al.2003) 马樱丹取代原生牧草，正威胁着肯亚黑貂皮羚羊的栖息地。(Greathead 1971 b, in Day et al.2003) 马樱丹会严重改变自然系统的防火机制。(Humphries and Stanton 1992, in Day et al.2003)这会在若干方面影响到农业。在东南亚和太平洋岛屿的耕地，它会降低生产力而且干扰收割。它可能影响农作物例如咖啡、油棕、椰子与棉花的经济性。(Holm et al..1977, in Thomas and Ellison 1999) 在昆士兰州，马樱丹入侵造成的牧草损失是最大的单一损失(澳币$ 三百万每年，1985 的币值) 。(Culvenor 1985, in Day et al.2003) 马樱丹植株密集时，土壤吸收雨水的能力低于草覆盖下的土壤。(Cilliers 1983, in Day et al.2003) 这可能会使布满马樱丹的地区，增加对径流和随后的土壤被侵蚀的危险。马樱丹牵连到一些动物的中毒事件，包括牛，水牛，绵羊和山羊(Sharma et al.1988, in Day et al.2003)（其叶和种子含有三萜类化合物，造成中毒和光敏性） 中毒主要发生在新引进的，没有接触其它饲料的年幼动物(Everist 1974 、 Yadava 与 Verma 1978; Sharma 1994, in Day et al.2003) Lantana 有许多中级的冲击, 尤其是在许多热带的国家在那里它能藏匿一些严重的有害生物。在印度 (Gujral 与 Vasudevan 1983 in Day et al.2003) 与 tsetse 的患疟疾的蚊子在灌木林中的卢安达、坦尚尼亚、乌干达与肯亚庇护所飞而且是导致严重的健康问题。(Greathead 1968 、 Katabazi 1983 、 Okoth 与 Kapaata 1987, Mbulamberi 1990 in Day et al.2003)
地点特有的影响：Eastern Australia (Australia) 
农业: Mike Day (Alan Fletcher Research Station)
改变林火机制: Mike Day (Alan Fletcher Research Station)
改变营养机制: Mike Day (Alan Fletcher Research Station)
杂交: Mike Day (Alan Fletcher Research Station)
滋扰人类: Mike Day (Alan Fletcher Research Station)
竞争: Mike Day (Alan Fletcher Research Station)
经济 /民生: Mike Day (Alan Fletcher Research Station) Southeast Australia (Australia)
农业: Mike Day (Alan Fletcher Research Station)
改变林火机制: Mike Day (Alan Fletcher Research Station)
改变营养机制: Mike Day (Alan Fletcher Research Station)
杂交: Mike Day (Alan Fletcher Research Station)
滋扰人类: Mike Day (Alan Fletcher Research Station)
竞争: Mike Day (Alan Fletcher Research Station)
经济 /民生: Mike Day (Alan Fletcher Research Station) India
栖地改变: The Greater One-horned Rhino (Rhinoceros unicornis) is listed as 'Vulnerable (VU) in the IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. The range of the Greater One-horned Rhino extended across the entire northern part of India from Pakistan to the Burmese border including parts of Nepal, Bangladesh and Bhutan. Currently, it exists in a few small subpopulations in the Nepal and India (West Bengal, Uttar Pradesh, Assam) and is considered Regionally extinct in Bangladesh and Bhutan.
The major threat to this species includes habitat alteration (grasslands to woodlands due to invasion of woody species like black catechu (Senegalia catechu) and Dalbergia sissoo); habitat loss and degradation due to invasion of alien invasive species. These include the vine (Mikania micrantha which overgrows and smothers vegetation; Eupatorium ; Lantana camara; M. cordata, M. scandens, and Leea spp. (Talukdar et al 2008) Saint Helena
农业: Lantana camara is a host of Orthyzia insignis. L. camara is toxic to livestock.
改变演化模式: Lantana camara has an allelopathic effect on other species and can stop succession through forming dense carpets (Kendle and Rose, 2001 in Varnham, 2006).
|
