一般影响
英国动物学家担心大闸蟹会吃脆弱的淡水物种，也会其失去竞争力 (Owen 2003)。因为在英国已经没有一只淡水的蟹类，如龙虾（已在下降）可能受影响。自90年代初以来的螃蟹数量如雨后春笋般迅速生长。它可以旅行旱地，现在已经扩展到其它许多英国河流。此外还有更多的栖息地提供螃蟹入侵，增加其入侵英国的可能。
中华绒螯蟹相当程度地影响淡水和河口生态系统； 它是随机取食者，食物包括藻类、碎屑与多种大型无脊椎动物。在欧洲与美国，幼年的螃蟹形成密集族群而且在潮间带溪流中掘穴，此习性会破坏河岸的完整。
被引入的中华绒螯蟹可能有一些经济的冲击。自1912年以来，这个入侵者在德国水域，造成的经济影响总额为大约800万欧元（财务影响） 。额外的负面影响，在德国，如对生物多样性、经济性物种和河岸侵蚀的影响，是众所周知，但不容易量化。它会抢食饵料和损害渔具阻碍商业和休闲垂钓。螃蟹也可以吃被困在养殖池塘的鱼类。在加利福尼亚州，成年蟹已成为钓客的一大公害，抢食各种鱼饵包括鬼虾，鲥鱼。中国大闸蟹也可能阻碍取水灌溉和供水计划。在加州，中国大闸蟹造成水路改道，大批下游迁移螃蟹被困住，使鱼无法通过。这造成鱼类死亡，与防止螃蟹入境高费用的需要。
最后，中国大闸蟹可携带肺吸虫感染人类。中华绒螯蟹是次要中间宿主为东方肺吸虫，最终宿主为哺乳动物，包括人类。人类生吃或吃未煮熟的大闸蟹，就可能被感染。不过，在加州并没有发现此寄生虫，也没有发现它的主要宿主钉螺。(EATM 1999).
地点特有的影响：Estonia 
生态系统变化: Abiotic changes due to the Chinese mitten crab have been reported in Estonia (NOBANIS 2006).
经济 /民生: Socio-economic impacts due to the Chinese mitten crab have been reported in Estonia (NOBANIS 2006). Germany
经济 /民生: The impact of this invader became especially clear during its mass occurrences in German waters in the 1930s, 1940s,
1950s, 1980s and 1990s. Please follow this link for details on economic impacts of the spread of the crab Financial impacts (Dr. Gollasch 2005, in preparation). In total mass developments were reported for approximately 30 years (Fladung pers. comm.).
In the 1930s, 1940s and 1990s, attempts were undertaken to catch and destroy as many crabs as possible. This implied labour costs and some catchment gear production at the German Rivers Elbe and Havel. During mass occurrences crabs were, and continue to be, sold for 1 to 3 € /kg to the industry e.g. for industrial use and for direct human consumption (Asian markets). During 1994-2004 crabs in the value of approximately 3,000,000 to 4,500,000 € were sold (Gollasch 2005, in preparation). San Francisco Bay (Estuary) (United States (USA))
传播疾病: The mitten crab poses a potential human health threat. It is an intermediate host for the Oriental lung fluke, and mammals, including humans, can become infested by eating raw or poorly cooked mitten crabs (Washington Sea Grant Program, 2000).
威胁濒危物种: The predation of Eriocheir sinensis on endangered salmonids threatens their populations in California (IEP, undated).
改变自然底栖生物群落: The mitten crab likely impacts freshwater and estuarine food webs at many levels, as it has an opportunistic diet that includes algae, detritus, and a variety of benthic macroinvertebrates (Panning 1939; Hoestlandt 1948; Gollasch 1999; Rudnick et al. 2003).
栖地改变: Juvenile Eriocheir sinensis form dense colonies of burrows in the intertidal portions of streams, and this process has undermined the integrity of stream banks and levees in Europe and the US (Peters and Panning 1933; Dutton and Conroy 1998; Rudnick et al. 2003).
经济 /民生: Commercial and recreational fishing operations have been hindered due to bait stealing and damage to gear and the catch by the crab (Panning 1939; Rudnick and Resh 2002). In California, the mitten crab has also interfered with operations at federal and state water diversion plants; in years with high abundances of crabs, large numbers of downstream-migrating mitten crabs have become trapped in holding tanks meant to keep fish out of turbines, and have caused high fish mortalities and high costs associated with preventing the crab's entry (Siegfried 1999).
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