Ecology Distribution Management Info Impact Info References and Links Contacts

General Impact The leaves contain toxins that can inhibit the growth of other plants (Bushcare, 2003). Invades native forest areas and can shade out native plants (ASGAP, 2002).          Location Specific Impacts: Australia   Competition: P. undulatum has the ability to shade out native plants. New South Wales (Australia)   Competition: P. undulatum has the ability to shade out other native plants. Tasmania (Australia)   Competition: P. undulatum has the ability to shade out native plants. Victoria (Australia)   Competition: P. undulatum has the ability to shade out native plants. Western Australia (Australia)   Competition: P. undulatum has the ability to shade out native plants. Melbourne (Australia)   Competition: Only one native plant species was found beneath dense clumps of P. undulatum. Cuba   Competition: P. undulatum has the ability to shade out native plants. Jamaica   Competition: P. undulatum has the ability to shade out native plants and impact on native animals. Mauritius   Competition: Invading montane evergreen forest Portugal   Competition: Native plant species do not grow underneath P. undulatum canopies. Saint Helena   Competition: P. undulatum has the ability to shade out native plants. South Africa   Competition: P. undulatum has the ability to shade out native plants. Other: Spreading into tall scrub and riparian forest. Hawaii (United States (USA))   Competition: P. undulatum has the ability to shade out native plants.