General Impact
H. verticillata competes with native plants by growing to the water surface and forming dense mats that totally exclude sunlight from other plants, which in turn can significantly reduce aquatic plant and animal biodiversity. Large populations of H. verticillata may affect fish size and population levels where predatory fish cannot hunt effectively within the thick mats. The dense mats also affect recreational activities. Apart from interfering with fishing, boat motors can become tangled with them and swimming areas choked. H. verticillata often slows or clogs rivers, irrigation ditches, and flood control canals, creating stagnant water that is prime mosquito breeding habitat. Dense stands can even cause flooding, alter water quality by decreasing oxygen levels and increasing pH and water temperature.
Location Specific Impacts:Africa 
Competition: Hydrilla grows tall and dense and displaces other aquatic life thereby reducing biodiversity.
Human nuisance: Hydrilla makes recreational activities difficult by entangling boat motors and choking swimming areas. Australia
Competition: Hydrilla grows tall and dense and displaces other aquatic life thereby reducing biodiversity.
Human nuisance: Hydrilla makes recreational activities difficult by entangling boat motors and choking swimming areas. Europe
Competition: Hydrilla grows tall and dense and displaces other aquatic life thereby reducing biodiversity.
Human nuisance: Hydrilla makes recreational activities difficult by entangling boat motors and choking swimming areas. India
Competition: Hydrilla grows tall and dense and displaces other aquatic life thereby reducing biodiversity.
Human nuisance: Hydrilla makes recreational activities difficult by entangling boat motors and choking swimming areas. Korea, Democratic People's Republic of
Competition: Hydrilla grows tall and dense and displaces other aquatic life thereby reducing biodiversity.
Human nuisance: Hydrilla makes recreational activities difficult by entangling boat motors and choking swimming areas. Korea, Republic of
Competition: Hydrilla grows tall and dense and displaces other aquatic life thereby reducing biodiversity.
Human nuisance: Hydrilla makes recreational activities difficult by entangling boat motors and choking swimming areas. New Zealand
Competition: Hydrilla grows tall and dense and displaces other aquatic life thereby reducing biodiversity.
Human nuisance: Hydrilla makes recreational activities difficult by entangling boat motors and choking swimming areas. South America
Competition: Hydrilla grows tall and dense and displaces other aquatic life thereby reducing biodiversity.
Human nuisance: Hydrilla makes recreational activities difficult by entangling boat motors and choking swimming areas. Connecticut (United States (USA))
Competition: Hydrilla grows tall and dense and displaces other aquatic life thereby reducing biodiversity.
Economic/Livelihoods: Overabundant Hydrilla makes it difficult for fish to find their prey, causing a decline in valuable sport fisheries. Recreational areas lose visitors and their associated monetary spending when Hydrilla clogs boat motors and entangles swimmers.
Human nuisance: Hydrilla makes recreational activities difficult by entangling boat motors and choking swimming areas. Alabama (United States (USA))
Competition: Hydrilla grows tall and dense and displaces other aquatic life thereby reducing biodiversity.
Economic/Livelihoods: Overabundant Hydrilla makes it difficult for fish to find their prey, causing a decline in valuable sport fisheries. Recreational areas lose visitors and their associated monetary spending when Hydrilla clogs boat motors and entangles swimmers.
Human nuisance: Hydrilla makes recreational activities difficult by entangling boat motors and choking swimming areas. Arizona (United States (USA))
Competition: Hydrilla grows tall and dense and displaces other aquatic life thereby reducing biodiversity.
Economic/Livelihoods: Overabundant Hydrilla makes it difficult for fish to find their prey, causing a decline in valuable sport fisheries. Recreational areas lose visitors and their associated monetary spending when Hydrilla clogs boat motors and entangles swimmers.
Human nuisance: Hydrilla makes recreational activities difficult by entangling boat motors and choking swimming areas. California (United States (USA))
Competition: Hydrilla grows tall and dense and displaces other aquatic life thereby reducing biodiversity.
Economic/Livelihoods: Overabundant Hydrilla makes it difficult for fish to find their prey, causing a decline in valuable sport fisheries. Recreational areas lose visitors and their associated monetary spending when Hydrilla clogs boat motors and entangles swimmers.
Human nuisance: Hydrilla makes recreational activities difficult by entangling boat motors and choking swimming areas. Delaware (United States (USA))
Competition: Hydrilla grows tall and dense and displaces other aquatic life thereby reducing biodiversity.
Economic/Livelihoods: Overabundant Hydrilla makes it difficult for fish to find their prey, causing a decline in valuable sport fisheries. Recreational areas lose visitors and their associated monetary spending when Hydrilla clogs boat motors and entangles swimmers.
Human nuisance: Hydrilla makes recreational activities difficult by entangling boat motors and choking swimming areas. Florida (USA) (United States (USA))
Competition: Hydrilla grows tall and dense and displaces other aquatic life thereby reducing biodiversity.
Economic/Livelihoods: Overabundant Hydrilla makes it difficult for fish to find their prey, causing a decline in valuable sport fisheries. Recreational areas lose visitors and their associated monetary spending when Hydrilla clogs boat motors and entangles swimmers.
Human nuisance: Hydrilla makes recreational activities difficult by entangling boat motors and choking swimming areas. Georgia (USA) (United States (USA))
Competition: Hydrilla grows tall and dense and displaces other aquatic life thereby reducing biodiversity.
Economic/Livelihoods: Overabundant Hydrilla makes it difficult for fish to find their prey, causing a decline in valuable sport fisheries. Recreational areas lose visitors and their associated monetary spending when Hydrilla clogs boat motors and entangles swimmers.
Human nuisance: Hydrilla makes recreational activities difficult by entangling boat motors and choking swimming areas. Louisiana (United States (USA))
Competition: Hydrilla grows tall and dense and displaces other aquatic life thereby reducing biodiversity.
Economic/Livelihoods: Overabundant Hydrilla makes it difficult for fish to find their prey, causing a decline in valuable sport fisheries. Recreational areas lose visitors and their associated monetary spending when Hydrilla clogs boat motors and entangles swimmers.
Human nuisance: Hydrilla makes recreational activities difficult by entangling boat motors and choking swimming areas. Maryland (USA) (United States (USA))
Competition: Hydrilla grows tall and dense and displaces other aquatic life thereby reducing biodiversity.
Economic/Livelihoods: Overabundant Hydrilla makes it difficult for fish to find their prey, causing a decline in valuable sport fisheries. Recreational areas lose visitors and their associated monetary spending when Hydrilla clogs boat motors and entangles swimmers.
Human nuisance: Hydrilla makes recreational activities difficult by entangling boat motors and choking swimming areas. Mississippi (United States (USA))
Competition: Hydrilla grows tall and dense and displaces other aquatic life thereby reducing biodiversity.
Economic/Livelihoods: Overabundant Hydrilla makes it difficult for fish to find their prey, causing a decline in valuable sport fisheries. Recreational areas lose visitors and their associated monetary spending when Hydrilla clogs boat motors and entangles swimmers.
Human nuisance: Hydrilla makes recreational activities difficult by entangling boat motors and choking swimming areas. North Carolina (United States (USA))
Competition: Hydrilla grows tall and dense and displaces other aquatic life thereby reducing biodiversity.
Economic/Livelihoods: Overabundant Hydrilla makes it difficult for fish to find their prey, causing a decline in valuable sport fisheries. Recreational areas lose visitors and their associated monetary spending when Hydrilla clogs boat motors and entangles swimmers.
Human nuisance: Hydrilla makes recreational activities difficult by entangling boat motors and choking swimming areas. Pennsylvania (United States (USA))
Competition: Hydrilla grows tall and dense and displaces other aquatic life thereby reducing biodiversity.
Economic/Livelihoods: Overabundant Hydrilla makes it difficult for fish to find their prey, causing a decline in valuable sport fisheries. Recreational areas lose visitors and their associated monetary spending when Hydrilla clogs boat motors and entangles swimmers.
Human nuisance: Hydrilla makes recreational activities difficult by entangling boat motors and choking swimming areas. South Carolina (United States (USA))
Competition: Hydrilla grows tall and dense and displaces other aquatic life thereby reducing biodiversity.
Economic/Livelihoods: Overabundant Hydrilla makes it difficult for fish to find their prey, causing a decline in valuable sport fisheries. Recreational areas lose visitors and their associated monetary spending when Hydrilla clogs boat motors and entangles swimmers.
Human nuisance: Hydrilla makes recreational activities difficult by entangling boat motors and choking swimming areas. Tennessee (United States (USA))
Competition: Hydrilla grows tall and dense and displaces other aquatic life thereby reducing biodiversity.
Economic/Livelihoods: Overabundant Hydrilla makes it difficult for fish to find their prey, causing a decline in valuable sport fisheries. Recreational areas lose visitors and their associated monetary spending when Hydrilla clogs boat motors and entangles swimmers.
Human nuisance: Hydrilla makes recreational activities difficult by entangling boat motors and choking swimming areas. Texas (United States (USA))
Competition: Hydrilla grows tall and dense and displaces other aquatic life thereby reducing biodiversity.
Economic/Livelihoods: Overabundant Hydrilla makes it difficult for fish to find their prey, causing a decline in valuable sport fisheries. Recreational areas lose visitors and their associated monetary spending when Hydrilla clogs boat motors and entangles swimmers.
Human nuisance: Hydrilla makes recreational activities difficult by entangling boat motors and choking swimming areas. Virginia (United States (USA))
Competition: Hydrilla grows tall and dense and displaces other aquatic life thereby reducing biodiversity.
Economic/Livelihoods: Overabundant Hydrilla makes it difficult for fish to find their prey, causing a decline in valuable sport fisheries. Recreational areas lose visitors and their associated monetary spending when Hydrilla clogs boat motors and entangles swimmers.
Human nuisance: Hydrilla makes recreational activities difficult by entangling boat motors and choking swimming areas. Washington (United States (USA))
Competition: Hydrilla grows tall and dense and displaces other aquatic life thereby reducing biodiversity.
Economic/Livelihoods: Overabundant Hydrilla makes it difficult for fish to find their prey, causing a decline in valuable sport fisheries. Recreational areas lose visitors and their associated monetary spending when Hydrilla clogs boat motors and entangles swimmers.
Human nuisance: Hydrilla makes recreational activities difficult by entangling boat motors and choking swimming areas.
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