Oreochromis mossambicus (魚類)

生態 分佈 管理 影響 參考資料 聯繫

一般影響 吳郭魚(Oreochromis mossambicu))被引入之後會由於食物以及築巢空間的競爭，對本地原生物種造成威脅。記錄顯示吳郭魚幼魚會吃其他魚。(de Moor et al. 1986)如今吳郭魚一般是被視為有害生物。在塔拉瓦(Tarawa)與諾魯共和國(Nauru)，撲滅行動被認為是較佳的政策。(Eldredge, 2000) 在夏威夷，此物種疑會對原生物種，如鯔(Mugil cephalus)造成威脅(Randall 1987; Devick 1991)。吳郭魚也被視為是沙頓海(Salton Sea)區域中沙漠魚(Cyprinodon macularius)數量下降的原因之一(Courtenay and Robins 1989; Swift et al. 1993)。由於在佛羅里達的戴得縣(Dade County)也發現其蹤跡，Courtenay 在一九八九年指出吳郭魚可能會進入大沼澤國家公園區。          地點特有的影響： Lake Cunningham (Bahamas)   競爭: Mozambique tilapia (Oreochromis mossambicus) compete with the threatened native Bahama pupfish (Cyprinodon laciniatus) resulting in declining abundance of these fish (Barton, 1999). Lake Killarney (Bahamas)   競爭: Mozambique tilapia (Oreochromis mossambicus) compete with the threatened native Bahama pupfish (Cyprinodon laciniatus) resulting in declining abundance of these fish (Barton, 1999). Bahamas   競爭: Mozambique tilapia (Oreochromis mossambicus) compete with the threatened native Bahama pupfish (Cyprinodon laciniatus) resulting in declining abundance of these fish (Barton, 1999). South India (India)   降低本地生物多樣性: Mozambique tilapia (Oreochromis mossambicus) are thought to alter the assemblage of native fishes. Morelos (Mexico)   競爭: Stocking of Mozambique tilapia (Oreochromis mossambicus) in ponds has resulted in displacement of other fish species. 經濟 /民生: Stocking of Mozambique tilapia (Oreochromis mossambicus) in ponds has resulted in a net decrease in fisheries production, due to competition with other fish species. Crater Lakes (Mexico)   威脅瀕危物種: Mozambique tilapia (Oreochromis mossambicus) compete with the vulnerable silverside fish charal de la caldera (see Chirostoma bartoni in IUCN Red List of Threatened Species) that is endemic to La Alberca crater-lake. Laguna Chichancanab (Mexico)   競爭: Mozambique tilapia (Oreochromis mossambicus) compete with the native Cyprinodon species for habitat, resulting in declining abundance of these fish. Buada Lagoon (Nauru)   經濟 /民生: Mozambique tilapia (Oreochromis mossambicus) have caused the collapse of milkfish aquaculture. New Caledonia (Nouvelle Calédonie)   威脅瀕危物種: The introduction of two tilapia species (Oreochromis mossambicus and Sarotherodon occidentalis) in 1955, followed by that of the largemouth bass (Micropterus salmoides) in 1960, has led to a decrease in numbers of galaxias (Galaxias neocaledonicus). These introduced species preyed on the different stages of G. neocaledonicus (Keith 2002). Malakal Is. (Palau)   捕食: There is recent evidence that Mozambique tilapia (Oreochromis mossambicus), many of which feed on detritus or algae, will also eat small fishes (Courtenay, W., pers. comm., 2004). 競爭: Mozambique tilapia (Oreochromis mossambicus) can build large populations that often disrupt or eliminate populations of native species, usually due to their high numbers reached via reproduction (Courtenay, W., pers. comm., 2004). Western Cape (South Africa)   競爭: Mozambique tilapia (Oreochromis mossambicus) compete with native species of fish. Upper San Antonio River (United States (USA))   競爭: It is thought that competition by Mozambique tilapia (Oreochromis mossambicus) are affecting other species of fish.