Gambusia affinis (魚類)

生態 分佈 管理 影響 參考資料 聯繫

一般影響 大肚魚(Gambusia affinis)成魚極具侵略性，會攻擊其他魚，咬碎鰭甚至有時會殺死他們。引進大肚魚之後，隨即發生爭議，因為他們已被指責其摧毀蚊子的能力與本地魚種差不多，但卻造成許多相同的物種的消失。(Myer, 1965;Haas et al., 2003)已經顯示出大肚魚的獵食選擇，變成捕食浮游動物、昆蟲與甲殼類。(McDowall, 1990)大肚魚是蠕蟲的可能寄生宿主，並已經傳染給本土魚類。(FishBase, 2003)          地點特有的影響： North Kaipara Peninsula (New Zealand)   捕食: Recent work has found mosquito fish are likely responsible for the decline of the 'Vulnerable (VU)' dwarf inanga (see Galaxias gracilis in IUCN Red List of Threatened Species) in Northland dune lakes. United States (USA)   其他: Gambusia affinis have been found to often attack, shred fins, and sometimes kill other species. Mosquito fish are known to prey on eggs, larvae, and juveniles of various fishes, including those of largemouth bass and common carp; they are also known to prey on adults of smaller species. Introduced fishe, including mosquito fish, are likely at least partially responsible for the decline of the 'Vulnerable (VU)' Chiricahua leopard frog (see Rana chiricahuensis in IUCN Red List of Threatened Species) in southeastern Arizona. 威脅瀕危物種: Courtenay and Meffe (1989) state that mosquito fish have contributed to the elimination or decline of populations of federally endangered and threatened species; mosquito fish are known to prey on eggs, larvae, and juveniles of various fishe, including those of largemouth bass and common carp; they are also known to prey on adults of smaller species. Several studies have shown that introduced mosquito fish impact negativly on native species, Nico and Fuller (2005) catalogue these impacts. Specific examples of their negative effects include a habitat shift and a reduction in numbers of the 'Vulnerable (VU)' Railroad Valley springfish (see Crenichthys baileyi in IUCN Red List of Threatened Species) in springs in Nevada and the local elimination of the 'Near Threatened (NT)' Sonoran topminnow (see Poeciliopsis occidentalis in IUCN Red List of Threatened Species) in Arizona. Western mosquito fish use the same habitat as the plains topminnow Fundulus sciadicus and have displaced these topminnows and other species with their aggressive behavior. The mosquito fish is also responsible for the elimination of the 'Vulnerable (VU)' least chub (see Iotichthys phlegethontis in IUCN Red List of Threatened Species) in several areas of Utah. Mosquito fish have been founf to be very aggressive, even toward larger fish. Hawaii (United States (USA))   捕食: Mosquito fish, and other introduced poeciliids, have been implicated in the decline of native damselflies Megalagrion spp. including the ' Vulnerable (VU)' (see Megalagrion oahuense in IUCN Red List of Threatened Species) on Oahu, Hawaii. Often the distributions of the damselflies and introduced fishes were found to be mutually exclusive, probably resulting from predation of the fish on the insects (Englund, 1999).