Gambusia affinis (鱼类)

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一般影响 大肚鱼(Gambusia affinis)成鱼极具侵略性，会攻击其它鱼，咬碎鳍甚至有时会杀死他们。引进大肚鱼之后，随即发生争议，因为他们已被指责其摧毁蚊子的能力与本地鱼种差不多，但却造成许多相同的物种的消失。(Myer, 1965;Haas et al., 2003) 已经显示出大肚鱼的猎食选择，变成捕食浮游动物、昆虫与甲壳类。(McDowall, 1990) 大肚鱼是蠕虫的可能寄生宿主，并已经传染给本土鱼类。(FishBase, 2003)          地点特有的影响： North Kaipara Peninsula (New Zealand)   捕食: Recent work has found mosquito fish are likely responsible for the decline of the 'Vulnerable (VU)' dwarf inanga (see Galaxias gracilis in IUCN Red List of Threatened Species) in Northland dune lakes. United States (USA)   其它: Gambusia affinis have been found to often attack, shred fins, and sometimes kill other species. Mosquito fish are known to prey on eggs, larvae, and juveniles of various fishes, including those of largemouth bass and common carp; they are also known to prey on adults of smaller species. Introduced fishe, including mosquito fish, are likely at least partially responsible for the decline of the 'Vulnerable (VU)' Chiricahua leopard frog (see Rana chiricahuensis in IUCN Red List of Threatened Species) in southeastern Arizona. 威胁濒危物种: Courtenay and Meffe (1989) state that mosquito fish have contributed to the elimination or decline of populations of federally endangered and threatened species; mosquito fish are known to prey on eggs, larvae, and juveniles of various fishe, including those of largemouth bass and common carp; they are also known to prey on adults of smaller species. Several studies have shown that introduced mosquito fish impact negativly on native species, Nico and Fuller (2005) catalogue these impacts. Specific examples of their negative effects include a habitat shift and a reduction in numbers of the 'Vulnerable (VU)' Railroad Valley springfish (see Crenichthys baileyi in IUCN Red List of Threatened Species) in springs in Nevada and the local elimination of the 'Near Threatened (NT)' Sonoran topminnow (see Poeciliopsis occidentalis in IUCN Red List of Threatened Species) in Arizona. Western mosquito fish use the same habitat as the plains topminnow Fundulus sciadicus and have displaced these topminnows and other species with their aggressive behavior. The mosquito fish is also responsible for the elimination of the 'Vulnerable (VU)' least chub (see Iotichthys phlegethontis in IUCN Red List of Threatened Species) in several areas of Utah. Mosquito fish have been founf to be very aggressive, even toward larger fish. Hawaii (United States (USA))   捕食: Mosquito fish, and other introduced poeciliids, have been implicated in the decline of native damselflies Megalagrion spp. including the ' Vulnerable (VU)' (see Megalagrion oahuense in IUCN Red List of Threatened Species) on Oahu, Hawaii. Often the distributions of the damselflies and introduced fishes were found to be mutually exclusive, probably resulting from predation of the fish on the insects (Englund, 1999).