一般影響
魔鬼簑鮋(Pterois volitans)對環境影響，請閱讀：魔鬼簑鮋(印度太平洋紅獅子魚)影響資料。本文件中的資料，摘要如下：
獅子魚入侵是讓管理人員人擔心的事，因次它可能會威脅漁業資源，原生魚類群落與人類健康(Morris等人, 2008)。
改變生態系統：雖然很少有人進行過生態研究但是(Albins and Hixon 2008)報告中明確表示，獅子魚出現在加勒比地區是一個令人擔憂的事。獅子魚是高效率的食魚動物，會減少魚類幼體的補充，因而破壞海洋生態系統，降低生物多樣性(Albins and Hixon 2008; Morris等人, 2008)。
減少本地生物多樣性：如果允許其族群繼續增長下去，獅子魚有可能會嚴重減少珊瑚礁的生物多樣性，接著一些物種可能會滅絕，雖然目前仍然太早，無法下定論，已經零星的證據出現在巴哈馬(Dell 2009)。
捕食：Albins and Hixon (2008)報告指出，在巴哈馬群島，獅子魚會大幅降低本地魚類族群補充。他們可能會大量毀滅加勒比地區的原生珊瑚礁魚類族群，由於他們缺乏天敵和貪吃的食慾(Valdez Mascari & Aguiar 2009)。
競爭：獅子魚不僅會吃掉大量的幼魚(如石斑魚，黃尾魚)，他們也會和本地物種競爭食物(Morris等人, 2008; Dell 2009)。
民生經濟：獅子魚會減少具有重要商業價值物種族群，如石斑魚(Albins and Hixon 2008)，可能會因此破壞依賴這種捕魚產業的島嶼的經濟。
人類健康：獅子魚的刺含有大汗腺型毒腺(Morris等人, 2008)。獅子魚的毒液會使心血管和神經肌肉產生細胞溶解反應，從輕微的腫脹反應到極度疼痛和上、下肢癱瘓(Kaiser 等人, 1985; Morris等人, 2008)。獅子魚的毒液含有乙醯膽素和神經毒素，會影響神經肌肉傳遞功能(Cohen and Olek 1989; Morris等人, 2008)。獅子魚的刺會危害潛水員，浮潛和水族愛好者(Morris等人, 2008; Schofield 2009)。被刺蜇傷並不會致命，但也是痛苦的，常常需要住院(Morris等人, 2008)。獅子魚蜇傷，可用熱水(45 °C)處理患處 30至90分鐘，患部應塗抹皮質激素(FishBase 2006); 應立即尋求醫療照顧(開曼群島政府)。
地點特有的影響：Gulf of Mexico (Atlantic Ocean) 
降低本地生物多樣性: The very warm waters, shallow habitats and abundance of small fish increases the potential that the expansion of the range of the lionfish to the Gulf of Mexico will lead to the loss of certain species of fish, particularly the smaller species (please see this informative video of the Bermuda culling program featuring an interview with Chris Flook (Bermuda Aquarium Museum & Zoo) on YouTube). Lesser Antilles (Atlantic Ocean)
捕食: The lionfish represents a potential major threat to coral-reef ecosystems in the Caribbean region by decreasing survival of a wide range of native reef animals via both predation and competition (Albins & Hixon 2008). Considering the sizes of lionfish currently found in the Atlantic (up to 45 cm TL, Whitfield et al. 2007, in Albins & Hixon 2008), and the size of prey fish found in stomach contents, the effects of lionfish predation on adult fish is also likely to represent a significant impact of this invasive species on native communities (Albins & Hixon 2008).
生態系統變化: Invasive lionfish are already having substantial negative impacts on Atlantic coral reefs (Albins & Hixon 2008). By decreasing the recruitment of fishes, lionfish have the potential to decrease the abundance of ecologically important species, such as parrotfishes and other herbivorous reef fishes, which are crucial for preventing seaweeds from overgrowing corals (Williams & Polunin 2001, Mumby et al. 2006, in Albins & Hixon 2008).
競爭: The large reduction in the recruitment of fishes resulting from lionfish predation suggests that the lionfish may compete with native piscivores by monopolising this important food resource (Albins & Hixon 2008). Bahamas
生態系統變化: Albins and Hixon (2008) showed that lionfish can drastically reduce recruitment of native fishes on small patch reefs in the Bahamas. A diet study of Bahamian lionfish was completed by Morris and Akins (In Press) that showed lionfish primarily eat teleost fishes (they documented 41 species in 21 families) as well as some crustaceans (about 15 % of the diet by volume) (in Schofield 2009). Also in the Bahamas, lionfish were found in the stomachs of groupers (Maljkovic et al. 2008, in Schofield 2009); however, it is unclear how common predation on lionfish occurs. Bermuda
捕食: The lionfish represents a potential major threat to coral-reef ecosystems in the Caribbean region by decreasing survival of a wide range of native reef animals via both predation and competition (Albins & Hixon 2008). Considering the sizes of lionfish currently found in the Atlantic (up to 45 cm TL, Whitfield et al. 2007, in Albins & Hixon 2008), and the size of prey fish found in stomach contents, the effects of lionfish predation on adult fish is also likely to represent a significant impact of this invasive species on native communities (Albins & Hixon 2008).
生態系統變化: Invasive lionfish are already having substantial negative impacts on Atlantic coral reefs (Albins & Hixon 2008). By decreasing the recruitment of fishes, lionfish have the potential to decrease the abundance of ecologically important species, such as parrotfishes and other herbivorous reef fishes, which are crucial for preventing seaweeds from overgrowing corals (Williams & Polunin 2001, Mumby et al. 2006, in Albins & Hixon 2008).
競爭: The large reduction in the recruitment of fishes resulting from lionfish predation suggests that the lionfish may compete with native piscivores by monopolising this important food resource (Albins & Hixon 2008). Cayman Islands
人類健康: P. volitans is equipped with toxic spines which deter predators and can cause painful wounds in humans (Cayman Islands Government Undated). It is well established that red lionfish will stand their ground when harassed and, when threatened, will arch their backs, pointing their dorsal spines at the aggressor, and swim forward rapidly in order to inflict a sting. Poisoning of the hand from the venomous sting has been the most common injury. It should also be stressed that serious wounds have also resulted from the careless handling of recently dead specimens. The sting of the red lionfish causes intense pain immediately and leads to several hours of extreme pain, depending upon the amount of venom received. Other symptoms of the sting may include swelling, redness, bleeding, nausea, numbness, joint pain, anxiety, headache, disorientation, dizziness, nausea, paralysis, and convulsions. If you or someone you know gets stung by a lionfish it is advised to immerse the wound in hot but non-scalding water for 30 to 90 minutes and seek medical attention immediately (Cayman Islands Government Undated).
捕食: This invasive fish is a ravenous predator which eats juvenile fish and crustaceans (including shrimps and lobsters) in large quantities. It is not known to have many native predators (Cayman Islands Government Undated). Cayman Brac (Cayman Islands)
人類健康: The lionfish’s venomous spines, designed to deter large marine predators, and can inflict painful wounds in humans (DaCosta-Cottam et al. 2009). If you or someone you know gets stung by a lionfish it is advised to immerse the wound in hot but non-scalding water for 30 to 90 minutes and seek medical attention immediately (Cayman Islands Government Undated). Grand Cayman (Cayman Islands)
人類健康: The lionfish’s venomous spines, designed to deter large marine predators, and can inflict painful wounds in humans (DaCosta-Cottam et al. 2009). If you or someone you know gets stung by a lionfish it is advised to immerse the wound in hot but non-scalding water for 30 to 90 minutes and seek medical attention immediately (Cayman Islands Government Undated). Little Cayman (Cayman Islands)
人類健康: The lionfish’s venomous spines, designed to deter large marine predators, and can inflict painful wounds in humans (DaCosta-Cottam et al. 2009). If you or someone you know gets stung by a lionfish it is advised to immerse the wound in hot but non-scalding water for 30 to 90 minutes and seek medical attention immediately (Cayman Islands Government Undated).
捕食: The lionfish has a voracious appetite, eating juvenile fish, shrimp and crabs. It has no known natural predators in Little Cayman. Establishment of this species could have potentially negative impact on the biodiversity on the reefs (Central Caribbean Marine Institute 2007-2009).
降低本地生物多樣性: As voracious carnivores, not only do lionfish consume large quantities of juveniles and small fish but they also out-compete native species (such as scamp, gag, and yellowmouth grouper) for food (Dell 2009). If their populations are allowed to continue growing unchecked, lionfish have the potential to severely reduce reef biodiversity, with the possible extinction of several species. Although it is still too early to be definitive, anecdotal evidence from the Bahamas corroborates this premise (Dell 2009). Jamaica
捕食: The lionfish represents a potential major threat to coral-reef ecosystems in the Caribbean region by decreasing survival of a wide range of native reef animals via both predation and competition (Albins & Hixon 2008). Considering the sizes of lionfish currently found in the Atlantic (up to 45 cm TL, Whitfield et al. 2007, in Albins & Hixon 2008), and the size of prey fish found in stomach contents, the effects of lionfish predation on adult fish is also likely to represent a significant impact of this invasive species on native communities (Albins & Hixon 2008).
生態系統變化: Invasive lionfish are already having substantial negative impacts on Atlantic coral reefs (Albins & Hixon 2008). By decreasing the recruitment of fishes, lionfish have the potential to decrease the abundance of ecologically important species, such as parrotfishes and other herbivorous reef fishes, which are crucial for preventing seaweeds from overgrowing corals (Williams & Polunin 2001, Mumby et al. 2006, in Albins & Hixon 2008).
競爭: The large reduction in the recruitment of fishes resulting from lionfish predation suggests that the lionfish may compete with native piscivores by monopolising this important food resource (Albins & Hixon 2008). Yucatan Peninsula (Mexico)
捕食: The lionfish represents a potential major threat to coral-reef ecosystems in the Caribbean region by decreasing survival of a wide range of native reef animals via both predation and competition (Albins & Hixon 2008). Considering the sizes of lionfish currently found in the Atlantic (up to 45 cm TL, Whitfield et al. 2007, in Albins & Hixon 2008), and the size of prey fish found in stomach contents, the effects of lionfish predation on adult fish is also likely to represent a significant impact of this invasive species on native communities (Albins & Hixon 2008).
生態系統變化: Invasive lionfish are already having substantial negative impacts on Atlantic coral reefs (Albins & Hixon 2008). By decreasing the recruitment of fishes, lionfish have the potential to decrease the abundance of ecologically important species, such as parrotfishes and other herbivorous reef fishes, which are crucial for preventing seaweeds from overgrowing corals (Williams & Polunin 2001, Mumby et al. 2006, in Albins & Hixon 2008).
競爭: The large reduction in the recruitment of fishes resulting from lionfish predation suggests that the lionfish may compete with native piscivores by monopolising this important food resource (Albins & Hixon 2008). Puerto Rico
捕食: The lionfish represents a potential major threat to coral-reef ecosystems in the Caribbean region by decreasing survival of a wide range of native reef animals via both predation and competition (Albins & Hixon 2008). Considering the sizes of lionfish currently found in the Atlantic (up to 45 cm TL, Whitfield et al. 2007, in Albins & Hixon 2008), and the size of prey fish found in stomach contents, the effects of lionfish predation on adult fish is also likely to represent a significant impact of this invasive species on native communities (Albins & Hixon 2008).
生態系統變化: Invasive lionfish are already having substantial negative impacts on Atlantic coral reefs (Albins & Hixon 2008). By decreasing the recruitment of fishes, lionfish have the potential to decrease the abundance of ecologically important species, such as parrotfishes and other herbivorous reef fishes, which are crucial for preventing seaweeds from overgrowing corals (Williams & Polunin 2001, Mumby et al. 2006, in Albins & Hixon 2008).
競爭: The large reduction in the recruitment of fishes resulting from lionfish predation suggests that the lionfish may compete with native piscivores by monopolising this important food resource (Albins & Hixon 2008). Rhode Island (United States (USA))
生態系統變化: Invasive lionfish are already having substantial negative impacts on Atlantic coral reefs (Albins & Hixon 2008). By decreasing the recruitment of fishes, lionfish have the potential to decrease the abundance of ecologically important species, such as parrotfishes and other herbivorous reef fishes, which are crucial for preventing seaweeds from overgrowing corals (Williams & Polunin 2001, Mumby et al. 2006, in Albins & Hixon 2008). Florida (USA) (United States (USA))
人類健康: Divers around Florida are being exposed to a new hazard - the beautiful but poisonous lionfish (Pterois volitans). The poison released by their sharp spines can cause extremely painful stings to humans - even leading to fatalities for some people with heart problems or allergic reactions (IUCN 2009).
生態系統變化: This invasive carnivore may cause deleterious changes in coral-reef ecosystems via predation on native fishes and invertebrates (Albins & Hixon 2008). Albins and Hixon (2008) conducted a controlled field experiment to examine the short-term effects of lionfish on the recruitment of native reef fishes in the Bahamas. Lionfish caused significant reductions in the recruitment of native fishes by an average of 79% over the 5 wk duration of the experiment. This strong effect on a key life stage of coral-reef fishes suggests that invasive lionfish are already having substantial negative impacts on Atlantic coral reefs.
競爭: P. volitans may compete with native predators (Albins & Hixon 2008).
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