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   Frangula alnus shrub
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    Rhamnus cathartica
    buckthorn, Carolina buckthorn, cervispina (Spanish), common buckthorn, épine noire (French), espinheiro-cerval (Portuguese), European buckthorn, European waythorn, Hart's thorn, Kreuzdorn (German), nerprun cathartique, nerprun purgatif (French), tamuje (Portuguese)

    Fruit of Rhamnus cathartica (Photo: Paul Wray, Iowa State University, www.forestryimages.org) - Click for full size Rhamnus cathartica flowers (Photo: Chris Evans, The University of Georgia, www.forestryimages.org) - Click for full size Close up of Rhamnus cathartica leaf (Photo: Chris Evans, The University of Georgia, www.forestryimages.org) - Click for full size Close up - showing leaf structure of Rhamnus cathartica (Photo: Chris Evans, The University of Georgia, www.forestryimages.org) - Click for full size Bark and buckthorn of Rhamnus cathartica (Photo: Chris Evans, The University of Georgia, www.forestryimages.org) - Click for full size Leaf formationof Rhamnus cathartica (Photo: Paul Wray, Iowa State University, www.forestryimages.org) - Click for full size

    IPANE (2001) compares both F. alnus and Rhamnus cathartica. The leaf arrangement is alternate in F. alnus while R. cathartica has an opposite to subopposite arrangement. Spines are absent at the ends of branches on F. alnus, while they are often present on R. cathartica. Also, F. alnus has pinnate leaf venation, while R. cathartica has lateral veins that are strongly upcurved.
ISSG Landcare Research NBII IUCN University of Auckland The Global Invasive Species Database is managed by the Invasive Species Specialist Group (ISSG) of the IUCN Species Survival Commission. It was developed as part of the global initiative on invasive species led by the Global Invasive Species Programme (GISP) and is supported through partnerships with the National Biological Information Infrastructure, Manaaki Whenua-Landcare Research and the University of Auckland. Conditions of use.